1. Shoulder

Question 1

is the coracoid more anterior or posterior than the acromion

Answer 1

more anterior

Question 2

what aspect of the scapula is the spine located on

Answer 2

posterior

Question 3

what are the 3 fossae on the scapula

Answer 3

supraspinous

infraspinous

subscapular

Question 4

the suprascapular notch is created by what

Answer 4

the passage of a nerve or vessel

Question 5

the lateral clavicle joins the ____

the medial clavicle joins the ___

Answer 5

lateral = acromion

medial = manubrium of sternum

Question 6

the humeral head allows high/low mobility and high/low stability

Answer 6

high mobility

low stability

Question 7

which tubercle of the greater or lesser is more anterior

Answer 7

lesser tubercle

Question 8

the glenoid labrum is found where and what is it made of

Answer 8

its found around the glenoid fossa

its made of fibrocartilage

Question 9

where are the anatomical and surgical necks of the humerus

Answer 9

the anatomical neck is just distal to the humeral head

the surgical neck is lower down and is located distal to the tubercles

Question 10

which neck of the humerus is more likely to fracture

Answer 10

surgical

Question 11

what runs in the intertubercular groove

Answer 11

tendon of the long head of bicep brachii

Question 12

where does the tendon of the long head of bicep brachii attach to on the scapula

Answer 12

supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Question 13

what are the 2 parts of the shoulder joint that enclose the articular cartilage of the joint and what are they made of

Answer 13

outer fibrous capsule

inner synovial membrane

Question 14

do ligaments passively/actively stabilise joints

Answer 14

passively

muscles actively stabilise joints

Question 15

why does the shoulder capsule sag inferiorly

Answer 15

to facilitate a larger range of motion and laxity

especially abduction

Question 16

what does the transverse humeral ligament do

Answer 16

holds the tendon of the long head of brachii in place in the intertubercular groove

Question 17

what are the 2 discrete extracapsular ligaments

Answer 17

acromioclavicualr and coracoclavicular

Question 18

what happens if the transverse humeral ligament ruptures

Answer 18

long head of bicep tendon subluxes anteriorly

Question 19

the long head bicep brachii tendon is what in terns of capsular and synovial

Answer 19

intracapsular and extrasynovial

Question 20

what other structures in the body are intracapsular and extrasynovial

Answer 20

cruciate ligaments in the knee

elbow and knee joint fat pads

Question 21

what other structure does the long head of bicep brachii tendon attach to in the shoulder

Answer 21

glenoid labrum

Question 22

the bicep long head tendon has its own synovial sheath true or false

Answer 22

true

Question 23

the bursa between the acromion and the supraspinatus is called what

Answer 23

subacromial bursa

Question 24

what bursa is between the subscapularis muscle and the capsule

what is this bursa often continuous with

Answer 24

subtendinous bursa of subscapularis

continuous with the joint space

Question 25

what would you see in the sheaths and bursae if you suspect shoulder pathology

Answer 25

inflammation and increased fluid quantity degradation and loss of fucntion

Question 26

what are the medial and lateral aspects of the coracoclavicular ligaments called

Answer 26

conoid = medial trapezoid = lateral

Question 27

what is the purpose of bursae

Answer 27

to decrease friction

Question 28

what is the coracoacromial ligament/arch and what does it do

Answer 28

helps brace the humerus superiorly

Question 29

what structure is deep to the coracoacromial ligament/arch

Answer 29

subacromial bursa

Question 30

the 4 rotator cuff muscles are

Answer 30

supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis

Question 31

where do the rotator cuff muscles originate from

Answer 31

originate from the scapula

Question 32

what is the function of the 4 rotator cuff muscles

Answer 32

provide extra stabilisation to the shoulder joint and produce movement of the humerus

Question 33

of the 4 rotator cuff muscles 3 are located posteriorly and one is located anteriorly - which is the anterior one

Answer 33

subscapularis

Question 34

where do the rotator cuff muscles insert on the humerus as well as inserting onto the humerus, the muscles do what with the joint capsule deep to them

Answer 34

subscapularis = lesser tubercle other 3 = greater tubercle blend with the joint capsule deep to them

Question 35

what two muscles are inferior to the infraspinatus from the posterior view

Answer 35

teres minor and major

Question 36

what movement does the supraspinatus muscle cause

Answer 36

abduction (the first 15*)

Question 37

what movement does the infraspinatus muscle cause

Answer 37

external rotation

Question 38

what movement does the teres minor muscle cause

Answer 38

external rotation

Question 39

what movement does the subscapualris muscle cause

Answer 39

internal rotation

Question 40

are muscles active or passive stabilisers of the shoulder joint

Answer 40

active

Question 41

whichbony prominence of the scapula does the supraspinatus muscle pass under

Answer 41

acromion

Question 42

what are the most common directions for the dislocation of the humeral head

Answer 42

inferior and anterior

Question 43

stabilisation is another role of the long tendon of the bicep brachii and what is its specific role in stabilisation

Answer 43

maintains the humeral head in the glenoid fossa and prevents over rotation

Question 44

where does the short tendon of bicep brachii attach to on the scapula

Answer 44

coracoid process

Question 45

what is the main artery from the aorta that supplies the upper limb

Answer 45

subclavian artery

Question 46

what is the name of the subclavian artery once it has passed the lateral border of rib 1

Answer 46

axillary artery

Question 47

at what bony landmark does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery

Answer 47

lateral border of rib 1

Question 48

what does the axillary artery supply

Answer 48

shoulder and armpit regions shoulder joint itself

Question 49

at what muscular landmark does the axillary artery become the brachial artery

Answer 49

inferior border of teres major

Question 50

what is the name of the axillary artery once it has passed the inferior border of teres major

Answer 50

brachial artery

Question 51

what is the main distal tributary of the axillary vein

Answer 51

basilic vein

Question 52

what area does the basilic vein drain from

Answer 52

superficial medial aspect of arm/forearm

Question 53

what smaller deeper veins lead off from the basilic vein and follow the artery more intimately

Answer 53

brachial vein

Question 54

what is the lateral counterpart to the basilic vein

Answer 54

cephalic

Question 55

what area does the cephalic vein drain to

Answer 55

drains into the axillary vein higher in the shoulder

Question 56

what is the order of arteries in the flow of blood from the aorta down to the lower arm

Answer 56

aorta subclavian artery axillary artery brachial artery

Question 57

what is the order of veins in the flow of blood from the lower arm to the aorta

Answer 57

brachial veins -> basilic vein basilic & cephalic veins -> axillary vein axillary vein -> subclavian vein

Question 58

which is lateral and which is medial basilic and cephalic veins

Answer 58

``` lateral = cephalic medial = basilic ```

Question 59

what is the network of major nerves in the shoulder region referred to as

Answer 59

brachial plexus

Question 60

the brachial plexus carries nerve fibres from which vertebral levels

Answer 60

C5-T1

Question 61

what is the structural organization of nerves from the spine to the distal regions

Answer 61

roots -> cords -> terminal nerves

Question 62

what are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus

Answer 62

medial lateral posterior

Question 63

to which anatomy are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus named respective to

Answer 63

axillary artery

Question 64

what are the 5 terminal nerves that are formed from the 3 cords of the brachial plexus

Answer 64

``` median ulnar radial axillary musculocutaneous ```

Question 65

what does the axillary nerve supply

Answer 65

deltoid muscle

Question 66

what does the musculocutaneous nerve supply

Answer 66

anterior compartment of the arm

Question 67

what is the path of the radial nerve

Answer 67

posterior route spiral around shaft of humerus and emerges laterally at the cubital fossa

Question 68

what type of injury could put the radial nerve at risk

Answer 68

mid shaft humeral fracture

Question 69

what are the 3 nerves that make up the sideways M at the shoulder

Answer 69

upper line = musculocutaneous middle line = median lower line = ulnar