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Metro Traineeship > 1. Signals (Two and Three Position Signals) > Flashcards

1. Signals (Two and Three Position Signals) Flashcards

1
Q

The two basic aspects that two-position Home, Dwarf and Disc signals will display?

A
  • Stop
  • Proceed
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2
Q

What aspects can Siding Dwarf and Calling On signals display?

A
  • Normal
  • Proceed
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3
Q

What are the two types of Two Position Signals?

A
  • Light Type
  • Disc Type
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4
Q

What are different classes of Two Position Signals? (5)

A
  • Disc
  • Dwarf
  • Distant
  • Home
  • Calling On
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5
Q

In regards to a Two Position Signal, what does the ‘Type’ describe?

A

The physical construction of the signal

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6
Q

Two Position Home Signals are fixed at and protect:

A
  • Stations
  • Signal Boxes
  • Sidings
  • Level Crossings
  • Junctions
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7
Q

All Two Position Home Signals are what ‘type’ of signal?

A

Light type

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8
Q

What colours can a Two Position Home Signal display and what do they mean?

A
  • Green = proceed
  • Red, purple and blue = stop
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9
Q

What can a position at Stop also be referred to?

A

Position at Danger

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10
Q

If a Two Position Home Signal is at Stop, what four pieces of information can be extrapolated?

A
  • The laying of points is unknown
  • The track ahead may be occupied
  • The driver may not proceed past the signal unless authorised
  • The driver won’t know the aspect of the next signal
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11
Q

What information is being conveyed if a Two Position Home Signal is at ‘Proceed’? (4)

A
  • The points, if any, are set for the next move
  • The track ahead is clear to the next fixed signal
  • Proceed at track speed as required
  • Signal aspect ahead is unknown and driver must be prepared to stop if required
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12
Q

Does a Two Positron Home Signal indicate what the next signal aspect will be?

A

No

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13
Q

Are Distant Signals considered Two Position or Three Position signals?

A

Two Position signals

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14
Q

Where are Calling On Signals located

A

On the Up line from Stoney Point to Frankston

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15
Q

What is the point of a Calling On Signal?

A

It allows a train to enter an occupied section of track, where normal signals would inhibit the manoeuvre

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16
Q

True or false: A single Calling On signal can apply to multiple tracks.

A

False – a Calling On signal will only apply to the same track as the Home Signal above it

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17
Q

What does a Calling On Signal at Normal indicate?

A

You cannot proceed

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18
Q

What does a Calling On Signal at Proceed indicate?

A

You can proceed cautiously past the signal being able to stop short of any obstruction

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19
Q

What to do if both Home and Calling On signals are displaying Proceed at the same time?

A

It must be treated as irregular – treat both signals at their safest aspect (i.e. stop)

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20
Q

Describe a Disc Signal

A

A red, circular target that can be turned to the side

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21
Q

Where are Disc Signals used to control movements? (4)

A
  • Running line to running line
  • Running line to siding
  • Siding to siging
  • Siding to running line
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22
Q

Where can a Disc Signal be placed? (3)

A
  • On the ground
  • On a post with other discs
  • On a post with other classes of signal
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23
Q

Can a two-position signal be on a post with other classes of signals?

A

Yes

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24
Q

What two aspects may a Disc Signal display?

A
  • Stop
  • Proceed
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25
Q

What is being communicated if a Disc Signal is at the Stop (or Danger) position? (4)

A
  • Points may not be set for next move
  • Track ahead may be occupied
  • Driver must not proceed unless authorised
  • Driver will not know upcoming aspects, if applicable.
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26
Q

What is being communicated if a Disc Signal is at the Proceed position? (4)

A
  • Points are set for the move
  • Track may be occupied
  • Proceed at “reduced speed cautiously” being prepared to stop short of any obstruction
  • The next signal aspect is unknown, driver must be prepared to stop
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27
Q

What must we be cautious of when passing a Disc Signal at proceed?

A

The line we are entering may be occupied or obstructed

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28
Q

What is the defined speed for a Disc Signal at proceed?

A

There is none, though sidings are a maximum of 15km/h

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29
Q

Two Position Dwarf Signals control train movements from: (4)

A
  • Running line to running line
  • Running line to siding
  • Siding to siding
  • Siding to running line
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30
Q

What colour indicated STOP on a Dwarf Signal?

A

Red, Blue or Purple

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31
Q

What two aspects can a Siding Dwarf indicate, and how are they indicated?

A
  • Normal (do not proceed) – light is extinguished
  • Proceed – light is yellow
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32
Q

What colours can a Two-Position Dwarf signal display?

A

Red, Blue, Purple, Green and Yellow

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33
Q

What is being communicated if a Light-Type Dwarf is at Stop (Danger)? (4)

A
  • Points for next move may not be set
  • Track ahead may be occupied
  • Driver must not proceed unless authorised
  • Driver will not know aspect of next signal
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34
Q

What is being communicated if a 2-position Light-Type Dwarf Signal is at Proceed? (4)

A
  • Points are set for next move
  • Track ahead may be occupied
  • Proceed at “reduced speed cautiously”, being prepared to stop short of any obstruction
  • The signal aspect in advance is unknown and the driver must be prepared to stop if necessary
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35
Q

What is indicated if there are four Two-Position Dwarf Signals on the same post?

A

That four routes are available from that post

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36
Q

Is there a defined speed for proceeding past a Two Position Dwarf Signal?

A

No, though driver must operate train in manner that will allow them to stop short of obstructions

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37
Q

How is a Two-Position Dwarf Signal identified when it is placed on the same post as a Home Signal?

A

With a sign clearly indicating the word SIDING beneath the dwarf

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38
Q

When a Two-Position Dwarf is placed on the same post as a Home Signal, what two aspects can the Dwarf signal show?

A
  • Normal (do not proceed) – extiguished
  • Proceed – yellow
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39
Q

What movement are Two-Position Dwarfs used for when placed on the same post as a Home Signal?

A

It can only be used for moves into a siding – never for the same movement as the Home Signal

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40
Q

Can both a Home Signal and the Siding Dwarf both display “Proceed” simultaneously?

A

No – it must be treated as irregular and driver must treat both signals at their safest aspect (i.e. stop the train)

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41
Q

What is being communicated if a Two-Position Light Type Dwarf Signal of the same post as a Home Signal (i.e. Siding Dwarf) is set to Normal? (4)

A

Stop, essentially, because:
- Points may not be set for next move
- Track ahead may be occupied
- Driver must not proceed unless they receive authority to do so (Home Signal is separate)
- You must obey aspect displayed on Home Signal

42
Q

What is being communicated if a Two-Position Light Type Dwarf on the Same Post as a Home Signal (i.e. Siding Dwarf) is set to Proceed? (4)

A
  • Points are set for the next move
  • Track may be occupied
  • Proceed at “reduced speed cautiously” being prepared to stop short of any obstruction
  • The upcoming aspect is unknown, driver must be prepared to stop
43
Q

In cases where multiple position signals of the same class are located on the same post, how are they to be read?

How do they correspond to the tracks before you?

A

Top to bottom, then left to right.

These correspond to the tracks before you left to right.

44
Q

What must a driver do any time two or more signals on the same post are displaying ‘Proceed’?

A

Treat it as irregular signal - driver to treat all signals at their safest aspect (i.e. stop the train)

45
Q

Give a brief description of how Track Circuits work.

A

When a train passes two signals, it shorts out a signalling circuit which causes signal behind the train to revert to Stop position. This (hopefully) prevents the following driver from entering the occupied track section

46
Q

What is the newer technology used (in some places) to replace the traditional Track Circuit system, to ensure multiple trains do not enter the same section?

A

Axle Counter Technology

47
Q

Three Position Signals: are they Disc Type or Light Type?

A

Light Type

48
Q

How are the individual lights on Three-Position Signals labelled?

A

A = top light
B = bottom light
C = tiny light even lower, only on Home Signals

49
Q

What are the three possible Classes of Three-Position Signals, and how do we tell them apart?

A
  • Home – two lights placed vertically one above the other
  • Automatic – two lights, staggered
  • Dwarf - only displays one coloured light at a time
50
Q

How are Home Signals usually controlled?

A

By signallers

51
Q

Three-Position Home Signals are fixed at and protect: (5)

A
  • Stations
  • Signal Boxes
  • Sidings
  • Level Crossings
  • Junctions
52
Q

Where are Uncontrolled Home Signals found?

A

All Home Signals in the MURL, except for the ones at the departure ends of platforms

53
Q

How are Automatic Signals operated?

A

Automatically

54
Q

What is the primary purpose of Automatic Signals?

A

To expedite the safe passage of trains by dividing long sections of track into shorter sections

55
Q

When may an automatic signal be passed at stop without the authority of a signaller?

A

When following Rule 1, Section 3

56
Q

How are Dwarf signals controlled?

A

Through a signaller

57
Q

What is an “Absolute Signal” and what class of signals are they (3)?

A

They are signals that require the permission of a signaller to pass – drivers cannot authorise themselves past.

Class = home, dwarf and disc signals

58
Q

What are “Permissive Signals”, and what class of signals are they?

A

Permissive signals do not require permission from a signaller to pass, provided Rule 1 Section 3 is followed.

Class = Automatic signals

59
Q

What is the only class of signal to display Low Speed Caution?

A

Home Signals

60
Q

In Three Position signals, what speeds can be displayed if a marker light is fitted as the lower light?

A

Only Clear Normal Speed, Normal Speed Warning and Stop

61
Q

In Three Position signals, what speeds can be displayed if a marker light is fitted as the upper light?

A

Only Clear Medium Speed, Medium Speed Warning and Stop

62
Q

Three-Position Signal:
How is Clear Normal Speed displayed, and what is being communicated? (5)

A

Clear normal speed is Green over Red. It means:

  • Points are set for the move
  • Track ahead is clear to the next fixed signal
  • Speed for the section is track speed
  • The next signal will be displaying a Proceed aspect
  • (The Proceed aspect could be another Clear Normal Speed, a Normal Speed Warning, or Reduce to Medium)
63
Q

Three-Position Signal:
How is Normal Speed Warning displayed, and what is being communicated? (4)

A

Yellow light over Red

  • Points are set for next move
  • Track ahead is clear to the next fixed signal
  • The next fixed signal will be at Stop
  • Normal track speed applies – however, you must reduce speed to allow for safe stopping before next fixed signal
64
Q

If you receive a Normal Speed Warning aspect, what can you utilise to remember that your next signal is at stop?

A

Memory Aide Device

65
Q

Three-Position Signal:
How is Reduce to Medium displayed, and what is being communicated? (5)

A

Yellow over Green

  • Points are set for next move
  • Track ahead is clear to next fixed signal
  • Next fixed signal will likely be a Medium Speed Warning or Clear Medium Speed (40km/h)
  • Speed is normal track speed, however you must reduce to 40km before next fixed signal
  • After passing aspect, driver must pay attention in case aspects improve (e.g. Clear Normal Speed)
66
Q

What is a driver’s priority when encountering a Reduce to Medium aspect?

A

To reduce your train to 40km/h

67
Q

Three-Position Signal:
How is Clear Medium Speed displayed, and what is being communicated? (Including ATC-specific info) (5)

A

Red over Green

  • Points are set for next move
  • Track ahead is clear to next fixed signal
  • Speed until next fixed section is 40km/h
  • Next fixed signal will be displaying a Proceed signal
  • On the ATC system, restriction only applies until whole train has cleared points
68
Q

Three-Position Signal:
How is Medium Speed Warning displayed, and what is being communicated? (4)

A

Red above Yellow

  • Points are set for next move
  • Track ahead is clear to next fixed signal
  • The next fixed signal will be at Stop
  • Track speed is 40k/h, however driver must reduce speed to ensure stopping before next fixed aspect
69
Q

What is a driver’s priority when receiving a Medium Speed Warning?

A

To slow train to ensure stopping can be completed before next fixed aspect

70
Q

Three-Position Signal:
How is Stop displayed, and what is being communicated? (4)

A

Red over Red

  • Points may not yet be set
  • Track ahead may be occupied
  • Driver should be stopped with reverser set to OFF or NEUTRAL
  • Driver does not know aspect of next fixed signal
71
Q

What is a driver’s priority when stopped at a STOP aspect?

A

That reverser is set to OFF or Neutral (with marker lights set to white)

72
Q

Three-Position Signal:
How is Low Speed Caution displayed, and what is being communicated? (4)

A

Red over Red over Teeny Tiny Yellow (proceed)
OR
Red over Red over Teeny Tiny Extinguished (stop)

  • The points are set for the move
  • The track may be occupied
  • Track speed is maximum of 15km/h – must be able to stop short of obstruction
  • Driver does not know aspect of next signal and should prepare to stop
73
Q

When are Low Speed Caution signals often used? (3)

A
  • Moving into sidings (running line to siding)
  • Moving into occupied sections
  • Running line to running line (e.g. coupling a train)
74
Q

What safety mechanism is no longer available when moving past a Low Speed Caution signal?

A

Track circuit protection

75
Q

How do Low-Speed Caution signals interact with bi-directional portions of track?

A

They don’t – a Low Speed Caution signal cannot be used for train movements into bi-directional portions of track

76
Q

What are the signals that will indicate your next aspect will be at STOP?

A

Normal Speed Warning OR Medium Speed Warning

77
Q

What is being communicated with a Clear Medium Speed aspect with an illuminated 65 or 80 beneath it? (4)

A
  • The points are set for next move
  • Track ahead is clear to next signal
  • You may travel at the speed illuminated until the next fixed signal
  • Next fixed signal will be at proceed
78
Q

What is a common danger for drivers passing areas where illuminated 65 and 80 signals are frequently displayed?

A

The driver may incorrectly assume the sign is illuminated – a driver must check these signals carefully each time they pass through

79
Q

What signals can sometimes display an illuminated letter “A”?

A

Home signals only

80
Q

How does the presence of an illuminated letter “A” change how a driver interacts with a home signal?

A

It has the same rules of passing as an automatic signal – they may apply Rule 1 Section 3 if necessary

81
Q

What does the presence of an illuminated “A” signify about the way a Home Signal is operated?

A

The signaller has gone home for the night, it is now being operated automatically

82
Q

Can a driver detained at a Home Signal without the illuminated letter “A” apply Rule 1 Section 3 if necessary?

A

No. Absolutely not. You must contact Area Controller and remain on your train.

83
Q

What does the term “Switched In” indicate?

A

That a signaller is inside the signal box and is operating the points and signals

84
Q

What does the term “Switched Out” indicate?

A

That the signaller is off-duty and the signal box is unattended

85
Q

What does the term “Fleeting Mode” indicate?

A

That the signal box is switched out and signals are being operated automatically

86
Q

What physical (non-signal) indicator is used to indicate that the signal box is closed and the signaller is off-duty?

A

A Signal Box Closed Sign.

87
Q

Can signal boxes be remotely operated?

A

Yes

88
Q

What aspects can be displayed by Three-Position Dwarf Signals? (3)

A
  • Stop
  • Low Speed Caution
  • Clear Low Speed
89
Q

Three-Position Dwarf Signals:
How is a STOP aspect indicated, and what is being communicated? (4)

A

Indicated with single Red, Purple or Blue light.

  • Points may not be set for next move
  • Track ahead may be occupied
  • Driver should have reverser placed in OFF or Neutral
  • Driver will not know aspect of next signal
90
Q

Three-Position Dwarf Signals:
How is a Low Speed Caution aspect indicated, and what is being communicated? (4)

A

Indicated with single yellow light

  • Points are set for next move
  • Track ahead may be occupied
  • Track speed is max. 15km/h – must be able to stop short of obstructions
  • Driver does not know aspect of upcoming signal
91
Q

Three-Position Dwarf Signals:
How is a Clear Low Speed aspect indicated, and what is being communicated? (4)

A

Indicated with single green light

  • Points are set for next move
  • Track ahead is clear to next fixed signal
  • Next fixed signal will be at Proceed
  • Maximum speed of 15km/h
92
Q

Is a Banner Indicator a signal?

A

No

93
Q

What must you do if a Banner Indicator is defective?

A

Report to Train Controller at Metrol and treat next fixed signal at stop

94
Q

What is the primary purpose of a Banner Indicator?

A

To indicate the aspect of signal ahead where clear view cannot be obtained

95
Q

How does a Banner Indicator light indicate a green?

A

The line will be vertical

96
Q

How does a Banner Indicator Light indicate a red?

A

The line will be horizontal

97
Q

How does a Banner Indicator Light indicate a yellow?

A

The line will be at a 45-degree angle

98
Q

When performing Rule 1 Section 3, can Banner Indicators be considered the signal in advance?

A

No way, pal, you can’t even do that under normal conditions

99
Q

Now is a great time to have a little look through pages 44 to 52, at the diagrams of how Banner Indicators translate to each of the Fixed Signals

A

That sounds dull but probably useful. It would actually be more fun if I made myself cute little flash cards instead, but this looking at the book is a good bare minimum

100
Q

What’s the only bit of information we really need to know about Repeating Signals?

A

They exist, on the Down from Frankston going to Stoney Point

101
Q

What do w

A

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