1- Trauma- Airway And Assessment Flashcards by Brian Mariano

Kinematics equation and what has the most effect

K = 1/2Mass x Velocity^2

Velocity/speed has the biggest effect

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What are the 3 types of collisions in a car vs object crash

1- Car vs Object
2- Body vs interior of vehicle
3- Organs vs body interior

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What are secondary collisions in a vehicle collision

Contents of the car striking the victim

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What are the 5 types of vehicle collisions from most to least common

1- Rotational 38%
2- Frontal 32%
3- Lateral 15%
4- Rear end 9%
5- Rollover 6%

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What is down and under caused by and what happens

Frontal collisions

Knee, femur, hip fractures and dislocations from sliding under the steering column and hitting the dash

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What is up and over caused by and what happens

Frontal collisions

Chest injuries, head injuries or ejection

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What type of collision has a high incident of deaths

Lateral collisions

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Injuries resulting from Lateral collisions

Extremity, rib fracture, on side of impact

- Cspine and aorta injury

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Explain paper bag syndrome

Rapid inhale right before impact, chest hits interior and punctures inflated lung

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What is a main concern of rotational impact

Multiple impacts but less injury that vehicle suggests

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3 step process of a rear end collision

1- Head snaps back, neck extends
2- Head snaps forward, neck flexes
3- Brain also moves inside the skull

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Injury patterns from rollover crashes are

Unpredictable

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Most life threatening injury from a vehicle collision is

Ejection

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Proper position for a lap belt

Across pelvic girdle

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Injuries from improper lap belt placement

T-12, L-1 and L-2

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Injuries from improper shoulder harness position

Chest and head injuries

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At what age can kids ride in the front seat

13 y/o

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How is an airbag deployed

Electrical charge of impact

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What from an airbag can cause what problem

Chemicals can irritate eyes and mouth

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4 types of motorcycle collisions

Frontal
Angular
Sliding
Ejection

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Common injury from frontal motorcycle collision

Bilateral femur fracture

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Common injury from angular motorcycle collision

Trapped lower extremity

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Common injury from a sliding motorcycle collision

Abrasions and minor fractures

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3 types of motorcycle ejections

Bike v Object
Rider v Object
Rider v Ground

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What’s the main concern with sports injuries

C-spine

When should you remove a helmet (2)

- Too big/loose | - Inaccessible airway when needed

3 impacts of pedestrian accidents

1- Vehicle hits body 2- Body hits vehicle 3- Body hits ground

What is related to injury potential of falls

Height

At what height is a fall considered significant

3x the persons heights

What things should be considered with a fall (4)

1. Height 2. Surface 3. Body part that hit first 4. Path of energy displacement

How do adults typically land vs kids

Adults- Feet | Kids- Heads

5 types of blast injuries

1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary 4. Qauternary 5. Quinary

What primary blast injuries

Concussion of blast, hollow organs rupture

What are secondary blast injuries

Flying objects, can penetrate the body

What are tertiary blast injuries

From the body being thrown, musculoskeletal injuries

What are quaternary blast injuries

Injuries from the heat of the blast itself

What are quinary blast injuries

From a dirty bomb, the chemical injuries/effects

What do burn patients die from

HYPOXIA

What do most trauma patients die from other than hypoxia for burn victims

Blood loss

Cavitation in trauma is a result of what

Medium or high speed energy, spreads more energy outward

What is trajectory

The path of a projectile

What is drag

Force to slow trajectory

What is cavitation

Outward motion of tissue

2 important things to find with a penetrating trauma injury

The entrance and exit wounds

What is the Golden Hour/Period

- Begins at onset of injury | - No more than 10 minutes on scene

What is more important bleeding control or airway control

Bleeding control, if bleeding

What words indicate it is important to stop bleeding (4)

- Significant - Profound - Gushing - Squirting

What is the result of prolonged scene times

- Increased death rate - Prolonged hospital stays - Inefficient care delivery

What is the main cause of prolonged scene times

Ineffective team management

3 reasons to stop an assessment

1. Scene becomes unsafe 2. Airway obstruction 3. Cardiac arrest

Initial assessment should take how long and look for what

- Less than 2 minutes | - Identify any immediate life threats

What should you assess on the rapid trauma assessment (6)

- Head/neck - Chest - Abdomen - Pelvis - Extremities - Back

What does DCAPBTLSIC stand for

``` Deformities Contusions Abrasions Penetrations Bruising Tenderness Lacerations Instability Crepitus ```

What should be done during a rapid trauma survey (4)

- Baseline vitals - Brief neuro exam (Pupils, GCS, signs of cerebral herniation) - Medical alert tags - Consider other causes

Who is considered a priority patient (4)

- Dangerous MOI - History (Loss of consciousness) - High risk groups - Abnormal initial assessment - Abnormal perfusion, difficulty breathing, abnormal perfusion

Load and go situations

Significant MOI and/or poor general health

Name 7 load and go situations

- AMS - Abnormal respiration’s - Abnormal circulation - Abnormal chest exam - Tender, distended abdomen - Pelvic instability - Bilateral femur fractures

Interventions that can/should be done on scene with a critical patient

- Manage airway - CPR - Control major external bleeding - Seal sucking chest - Stabilize flail chest - Decompress tension pneumo - Stabilize impaled object - Complete packaging

4 things to remember when contacting medical direction with a trauma patient

1. Contact ASAP 2. Give ETA 3. Give condition of the patient 4. State what’s needed before arrival

If there is a change in the patients condition what should you do (2)

- Redo primary assessment | - Check interventions

What is a Mallampati score

Conscious patient opens mouth, determine difficulty of an intubation

2 good reasons for RSI

Burns, Major facial trauma

SpO2 goal for a trauma patient

Greater than 95%, as high as possible

O2 % for Cannula, NRB, BVM and flow rate of each

Cannula, 2-6 Lpm, 25-30% NRB, 12-15 Lpm, 60-90% BVM, 12-15 Lpm, 90-100%

Normal TV for an adult

400-600 cc

Normal MV for an adult

6 Lpm

Hypoventilation pCO2 number

Above 40

Hyperventilation pCO2 number

Below 35

Ventilation rate for intubated vs non-intubated patients

Intubated- 8-10 | Non intubated- 10-12

Suction immediately for (2)

- Avoid gastric distention | - Gurgling respiration’s

What does the difficult ventilation pneumonic BOOTS stand for

``` Beard Obesity Older patients Toothlessness Snores or stridor ```

What does hyperventilation result in (2)

- Decreased cerebral perfusion | - Alkalosis

What does hypoventilation result in (2)

- Builds up CO2 | - Acidosis

As blood volume goes down what happens to CO2

CO2 goes down

When is immediate intubation required

Impeding airway closure

1- Trauma- Airway And Assessment Flashcards

(75 cards)