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Community Health > 10-20 Slides > Flashcards

10-20 Slides Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Epidemiological triangle

A

Host
Agent
Environment

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2
Q

Types of host

A

Susceptible host:

Age, gender, genetics, ethnicity, immunological status, physiological state, occupation

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3
Q

Types of agent

A 
Chemical agents (drugs, toxins)
Physical agents (noise, temperature)
Infectious agents (viruses, bacteria)
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4
Q

Types of environment

A

Physical environment (geography, water/food supply, presence of reservoirs/ vectors)

Social environment (access to health care, high risk workings conditions, poverty)

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5
Q

How to assess

A 
Informal conversation 
Structured interviews 
Focus groups
Self administered questionnaires 
Tests
Observations 
Documentations 
Findings from community assessment data
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6
Q

Identifying and prioritizing learning needs

A

Mandatory
Desirable
Possible

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7
Q

Mandatory

A

Needs must be learned for survival or situations life or safety threatened

Immediate

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8
Q

Desirable

A

Not life dependent but related to overall well being

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9
Q

Possible

A

Needs for information that is nice to know but not essential

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10
Q

Readiness to learn

A 
P= physical readiness
E= emotional readiness
E= experiential readiness
K= knowledge readiness
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11
Q

Physical readiness

A

Measures ability
Complexity of task
Environmental effects
Health status

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12
Q

Emotional readiness

A 
Anxiety level
Support system 
Motivation 
Risk taking behavior 
Frame of mind 
Developmental stage
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13
Q

Experiential readiness

A 
Level of aspiration 
Past coping mechanism 
Cultural backgrounds 
Locus of control 
Self efficacy
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14
Q

Knowledge readiness

A

Present knowledge base
Cognitive ability
Learning disabilities
Learning styles

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15
Q

Learning styles

A

Visual
Auditory
Tactile-kinesthetic

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16
Q

Visual

A

Learn through “seeing”, note taking, video, presentation, pictures

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17
Q

Auditory

A

“Listening”, methods: verbal lectures, discussion, reading amount

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18
Q

Tactile-kinesthetic

A

“Doing”, methods: trial and error, hands on, return demonstration

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19
Q

What are learning domains used for

A

Can assist the nurse in planning education to achieve desired outcome

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20
Q

Types of learning domains

A

Psychomotor
Affective
Cognitive

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21
Q

Cognitive domain

A

Knowledge and understanding of facts, concepts and principles

Mental skills and knowledge

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22
Q

Psychomotor domain

A

Physical, manual skills

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23
Q

Affective domain

A

Attitude, values, and beliefs

Self

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24
Q

Behavior change theories

A

Health belief model
Pender’s health promotion model
Theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behavior
The trans theoretical or stages of change model
Precede and proced

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25
Health belief model
Focus on individual beliefs about health conditions
26
What is health belief model used for
Predict individual health related behavior
27
Lender health promotion model
Multi dimensional nature of persons as they interact within their environment (Person’s experiences and characteristics affect action)
28
Theory of reason action and theory of planned behavior
Beliefs and norms associated with the behavior determine attitude and willingness to change
29
Trans theoretical or stage of change model
6 stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination
30
Precede and proced
Assess health needs
31
What is “precede and proced” useful for in changing behavior
Helps design, implement, and evaluate health promotion and other public health programs to meet needs
32
Define primary prevention
Prevention of the initial occurrence of disease or injury
33
Examples of primary prevention
Nutrition education Family planning and sex education Smoking cessation education (all education) Prenatal classes Immunization Advocating for access to health care and health environment
34
Secondary prevention define
Early detection and treatment of disease with the goal of limiting severity and adverse effects
35
Examples of secondary prevention
Community assessments Disease surveillance Screening Control fo outbreaks of communicable disease
36
Tertiary prevention define
Maximization of recovery after an injury or illness (rehabilitation)
37
Examples of tertiary prevention
``` Nutrition counseling Exercise rehabilitation Case management Physical and occupational therapy Support groups Exercise for hypertensive clients ```
38
I PREPARE define
``` I= investigate P= present work R= residence E= environmental concerns P= past work A= activities R= referrals and resources ```
39
What is IPREPARE mnemonic used for
This is a method used to determine current and past environmental exposure
40
Investigate
Investigate potential exposures
41
Present work
Exposures, use of personal protective equipment, location of material safety data sheets, taking home exposures
42
Residence
Age of home, heating, recent remodeling, chemical storage, water
43
Environmental concerns
Air, water, soil, industries in neighborhoods, waste site and landfill nearby
44
Past work
Exposures, farm work, military, volunteer, seasonal, length of works
45
Activities
Hobbies, activities, gardening, fishing, hunting, soldering, melting, burning, wasting, pesticide, alternative healing/medication
46
Referrals and resources
Association of occupational and environmental clinical
47
Possible toxins
``` Lead Pesticide Mercury Solvents Asbestos Radon ```
48
Air pollution
``` Carbon monoxide Particulate matter Ozone Lead Actors old Nitrogen dioxide Sulfur dioxide Tabasco smoke ```
49
Water pollution
Wastes Erosion after mining or timbering Run off from chemical added to the soil
50
3 stages/phrases of change
Unfreezing Changing Refreezing
51
Unfreezing define
When desire for change develops
52
Changing
Ideas to make the change are accepted and acted upon
53
Refreezing define
The change becomes integrated as part of regular behavior “New status quo”
54
Community assessment components
People Place or environment Social system
55
Description of “people” in assessing community
``` Demographic (distribution, mobility, density, census data) Biological factors (health and disease status, genetics, age, gender, cause of death, race) Social factors (occupation, marital status, education, income) Cultural factors (roles, history, values) ```
56
Place or environment description of community assessment
``` Physical factors (terrain, type of community, location of health services, animal control) Environmental factors (geography, climate, toxic substances, vectors, pollutants) ```
57
Social system description in assessing community
``` Health system Economic system Education system Religious system Political system Welfare system Legal system Resource and services Transportation system ```
58
What is community diagnosis
Incorporate information form the community assessment, general nursing knowledge and epidemiological concepts (concept of risk in a population)
59
Community nursing diagnoses format
Risk of (specific problem or risk in the community) among (the specific population that is affected by the problem or risk) related to (strengths and weaknesses in the community that influence the problems or risk)
60
Community health settings types
Home health (traditional homies, assisted living facilities, and nursing homes) Hospice (variety—home, hospice centers, hospitals and long term care) Occupational health nurse (all work environments) Faith community nurse (works with a group of clients who share common faith traditions) School nurse
61
Activities done in home health settings as a community nurse
Educator, provider of skilled nursing intervention and coordinator of care Skilled services Evaluate the living environment for safety
62
Hospice care setting activities as community nurse
Support client and family through dying process Bereavement support Medical care aimed toward cure is stopped Focus= relief of pain and suffering, and enhance quality of life care for client and family
63
Faith community nurse
``` CIRCLE model of spiritual care Caring Intuition Respect for religious beliefs and practices Caution Listening Emotional support ```
64
School nurse activities
``` Case manager Community outreach Consultant Counselor Direct caregiver Health educator Researcher ```
65
School nurse as a case manager
Coordinates comprehensive services for children with complex needs
66
Community outreach for school nurse
Meet the needs of all school age children by cooperative planning and collaboration
67
Consultant
Assist student, families, personnel in information about health and resources
68
Counselor as school nurse
Support students on wide variety health needs

Community Health (2 decks)

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