First 10 Slides

Question 1

Nightingale’ s theory of environment

Answer 1

• individual’s environment and health

- Principle: clean air, sanitation

Question 2

Health belief model

Answer 2

• explain and predict health behaviors
• shows that readiness to act on behalf of the person’s own health is predicated
• emphasis change at the individual level

Question 3

Milio’s framework for prevention

Answer 3

• complements HBM
• emphasis on community
• identify relationship between health deficits and availability of health promoting resources

Question 4

Autonomy

Answer 4

Respect a client’s decision

Question 5

Non-maleficence

Answer 5

Do no harm

- monitor and evaluate outcomes of care

Question 6

Beneficence

Answer 6

Action/intentions are for the good of the patient

- assess risks and benefits of intervention

Question 7

Distributive justice

Answer 7

Fair distribution of the benefits

- determine eligibility for health care services and community resources

Question 8

Advocacy of community health nurse

Answer 8

• change agents
• lobbyists
• coalitions
• public office

Question 9

Change agents

Answer 9

• advocate for change, resources, or services (local, state, or federal level)

Question 10

Lobbyists

Answer 10

Persuade legislators

Question 11

Who can implement lobbying

Answer 11

By individual, or collectively through professional nursing associations

Question 12

Coalitions

Answer 12

Collaborate two or more groups to facilitate a goal

Question 13

Public office

Answer 13

Serving society and advocating for change through public service

Question 14

Social determinants of health

Answer 14

Health factors can be affected by policies and programs which can overall affect health outcomes

Question 15

Health outcomes

Answer 15

Mortality (length of life)

Morbidity (quality of life)

Question 16

Health Factors

Answer 16

Health behaviors
Clinical care
Social and economic factors
Physical environment

Question 17

Health behaviors (30%)

Answer 17

Tobacco use
Diet and exercise
Alcohol use
Sexual activity

Question 18

Clinical care (20%)

Answer 18

Access to care

Quality of care

Question 19

Social and economic factors (10%)

Answer 19

Education 
Employment 
Income 
Family and social support 
Community safety

Question 20

Physical environment

Answer 20

Environmental quality

Built environment

Question 21

Social determinants of health

Answer 21

Economic stability 
Neighborhood and physical environment 
Education 
Food 
Community and social context 
Health care system

Question 22

Economic stability

Answer 22

Employment 
Income 
Expenses 
Debt 
Medical bills 
Support

Question 23

Neighborhood and physical environment

Answer 23

Housing 
Transportation 
Safety 
Parks 
Playground 
Walkability 
Zip code/geography

Question 24

Education

Answer 24

Literacy 
Language 
Early childhood education 
Vocational training 
Higher education

Question 25

Food

Answer 25

Hunger | Access to health options

Question 26

Community and social context

Answer 26

``` Social integration Support systems Community engagement Discrimination Stress ```

Question 27

Health care system

Answer 27

Health coverage Provider availability Provide linguistic and cultural competency Quality of care

Question 28

Social determinants of health affects health outcomes What are health outcomes?

Answer 28

``` Mortality Morbidity Life expectancy Health care expenditures Health status Functional limitation ```

Question 29

Health disparities

Answer 29

Higher burden of illness, injury, disability or mortality experienced by one group relative to another

Question 30

Health promotion define

Answer 30

Focus is on helping people change their lifestyle to bring optimal health (physical and psyhcological)

Question 31

3 parts of health promotion

Answer 31

- preventative services - series in multiple community settings - screening programs

Question 32

Types of preventative services of health promotion

Answer 32

Health education Counseling Immunization Action aim to prevent a potential disease or disability

Question 33

Types community settings where community health nurses provide preventative services

Answer 33

Occupation health School nursed Jail/prison

Question 34

What is the responsibility of the community health nurse in screening programs for health promotion

Answer 34

For planning and implementing screening programs for at risk/ vulnerable populations

Question 35

Epidemiological calculation

Answer 35

``` Incidence Prevalence Crude mortality rate Infant mortality rate Attack rate ```

Question 36

Incidence

Answer 36

(New cases in the population at a specific time / population total) x 1000 = ______ per 1,000

Question 37

Prevalence

Answer 37

(Number of existing cases in the population at a specific time / population total) x 1,000 = _____ per 1,000

Question 38

Crude mortality rate

Answer 38

(Number of death / population total) x 1,000 = _____ per 1,000

Question 39

Infant mortality rate

Answer 39

(Number of infant death before 1 year of age in a year / numbers of live births in the same year ) x 1,000 = _____ per 1,000

Question 40

Attack rate

Answer 40

Number of people exposed to a specific agent who develops the disease / total number of people exposed

Question 41

Incidence rate

Answer 41

The number of new cases in each time frame

Question 42

Prevalence rate

Answer 42

Total number of cases (both new and pre-existing) in a specific period of time

Question 43

Attack rates

Answer 43

The percentage of the population that contracts the disease in an at-risk population during a specified time interval

Question 44

Endemic

Answer 44

Usual presence in a geo-graphical area

Question 45

Epidemic

Answer 45

Increase, sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in that area

Question 46

Pandemic

Answer 46

Disease is an epidemic that spread over a large area | Prevalent through out an entire country, continent, or whole world