10/21/21 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 10/21/21 Deck (18)
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1
Q

3 tests to ddx Hirschsprung disease

A
  • barium enema (reveals a cone-shaped transitional zone)
  • rectal manometry (reveals lack of anal sphincter relaxation)
  • rectal biopsy
2
Q

What is the most common cause of death from high-altitude illness?

A

Pulmonary edema

3
Q

Helicobacter pylori RX

A

triple therapy, 14 days of

  • proton pump inhibitor
  • amoxicillin
  • clarithromycin
4
Q

Which part of the urinalysis test provides a high specificity for a positive urinary tract infection?

A

Urine nitrite

5
Q

Intussusception Rx

A

Treatment is air or hydrostatic (contrast or saline) enema

6
Q

What is the typical visual hallucination associated with Lewy body dementia?

A

Small animals or little people.

6
Q

What is the typical visual hallucination associated with Lewy body dementia?

A

Small animals or little people.

7
Q

Which chamber is most commonly injured in penetrating cardiac trauma?

A

Right ventricle.

8
Q

Parkland formula and target urine

A

= 4 mL x Wt (kg) x % total BSA burned
—-> 50% in first 8 hours, remainder over 16 h

Target urine output:

  • -> 0.5 - 1 mL/kg/h in adults
  • -> 1 - 2 mL/kg/h in children
9
Q

Parkland formula and target urine

A

= 4 mL x Wt (kg) x % total BSA burned
—-> 50% in first 8 hours, remainder over 16 h

Target urine output:

  • -> 0.5 - 1 mL/kg/h in adults
  • -> 1 - 2 mL/kg/h in children
10
Q

What is the toxic metabolite responsible for acetaminophen toxicity?

A

N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI).

11
Q

Le Fort Fracture

A

I: transverse fracture separating maxilla from pterygoid and nasal septum

II: maxilla and palate fractured

III: craniofacial dissociation

12
Q

What is the appropriate treatment for cyanide toxicity?

A

Hydroxocobalamin.

13
Q

Pneumonia with a staccato cough and a lack of fever

A

Newborn Chlamydia Pneumonia

14
Q

What topical antiviral medication is recommended for herpes simplex keratitis?

A

Trifluridine.

15
Q

Mycobacterium marinum infection

A

seen in swimmers, fishermen, and patients with exposure to fish tanks.

characterized by granulomatous lesions that can ulcerate and have serosanguinous drainage.

can result in nodular lesions along the lymphatic chain.

16
Q

A 65-year-old woman with a left ventricular assist device presents to the emergency department with altered mental status via ambulance. She does not respond to verbal or painful stimuli. What is the first step in evaluating this patient?

A

immediately auscultate the precordium to detect a hum or “whirr” to determine if the pump is functioning.

17
Q

The treatment for dysfunctional uterine bleeding, now termed abnormal uterine bleeding, in nonpregnant unstable patients involves treatment with ______________

A

high-dose intravenous conjugated estrogen