10- Attraction

Question 1

What is interpersonal attraction?

Answer 1

A force between 2 people that draws them towards each other rather than apart

Question 2

What does interpersonal attraction apply to?

Answer 2

Friendship as well as romantic relationships

Question 3

What does evolutionary psychology suggest about attraction?

Answer 3

What motivates mate choice is reproductive fitness

Question 4

What is reproductive fitness?

Answer 4

Qualities/characteristics that people find attractive are those that signal fitness

Question 5

What preference did human attractiveness evolve from?

Answer 5

A preference for healthy, fertile mates

Question 6

3 features of attractive faces

Answer 6

Healthy, symmetrical, average

Question 7

5 theories of attraction

Answer 7

Ideal characteristics, proximity, familiarity, similarity, complementary

Question 8

3 factors of proximity and attraction

Answer 8

Availability, anticipation of future interaction, familiarity

Question 9

What is the mere exposure effect?

Answer 9

Repeated exposure results in greater attraction

Question 10

What did Moreland and Beach find?

Answer 10

Likeability increased by attending more lectures

Question 11

What 3 things increase attraction through similarity?

Answer 11

Attitudes, values, traits

Question 12

When is similarity more important?

Answer 12

The more you get to know someone

Question 13

When are you more likely to like someone?

Answer 13

The more you have in common with someone

Question 14

3 reasons why similarity is important

Answer 14

Reinforcement, reciprocity, less conflict

Question 15

What is the matching hypothesis?

Answer 15

Similar desirability levels

Question 16

Who are rated more alike in attractiveness levels?

Answer 16

Real-life couples

Question 17

How do we avoid rejection?

Answer 17

Approach equal-status others

Question 18

How does Carson (1969) describe the complementarity hypothesis?

Answer 18

Complementary levels of dominance/submission attract

Question 19

How do Markey & Markey (2007) describe the complementarity hypothesis?

Answer 19

Dominance/submission dissimilarity linked to attraction and relationship quality

Question 20

What part of the complementarity hypothesis is only supported in some domains?

Answer 20

No evidence for opposite attitudes or values

Question 21

How did Krueger & Caspi (1993) investigate personality similarity vs complementarity?

Answer 21

Women rated dating profiles as similar or different from themselves

Question 22

What did Krueger & Caspi (1993) find?

Answer 22

Warm and stable profiles were generally rated more positively, people generally liked more similar profiles

Question 23

How did McGloin & Denes (2017) investigate attractiveness vs similarity in online dating?

Answer 23

Heterosexual participants saw a physically enhanced vs natural photo of an online dating profile

Question 24

What did McGloin & Denes (2017) find?

Answer 24

Enhanced photos were judged as more attractive but less trustworthy

Question 25

How can a situation influence attractiveness?

Answer 25

Can cause emotional arousal to influence how attractive we find people to be

Question 26

How did Dutton & Aron (1974) investigate emotional arousal?

Answer 26

They surveyed men after they had crossed a shaky bridge or a stable bridge

Question 27

3 theories of attraction

Answer 27

Reinforcement-affect model, social exchange model, equity model

Question 28

Who does the reinforcement-affect model say that we like around?

Answer 28

People who are around when we experience positive feelings

Question 29

3 factors that the reinforcement-affect model says influences attractiveness

Answer 29

Situation, similarity, ideal characteristics

Question 30

What does the reinforcement-affect model account well for?

Answer 30

Friendships but not long-term relationships

Question 31

What does the social exchange model say about the social environment?

Answer 31

It is a marketplace where humans can satisfy our needs

Question 32

How is liking and commitment determined (social exchange model)?

Answer 32

By a cost-reward ratio

Question 33

How else is attraction affected (social exchange model)?

Answer 33

By comparison level for alternatives

Question 34

How does the equity model define relationships?

Answer 34

As equitable when the ratio of inputs to outcomes is seen to be the same by both partners

Question 35

What does the equity model say marriage is?

Answer 35

A mutual exchange of resources

Question 36

What does the equity model say that love is?

Answer 36

Often nothing but a favourable exchange between two people who can get the most of what they can expect

Question 37

Why is attraction research heteronormative?

Answer 37

Most research focuses on heterosexual attraction

Question 38

How is research explicitly heteronormative?

Answer 38

By recruiting/analysing only heterosexual participants

Question 39

How is research implicitly heteronormative?

Answer 39

By using female confederates and assuming that all male participants will be attracted to them

Question 40

What is social exchange theory?

Answer 40

Homosexual relationship costs and alternatives may differ