10 - Intelligence Flashcards
(19 cards)
Intelligence
Ability to direct thinking, adapt, learn from experiences
Goddard
One of first to measure intelligence; data from Ellis Island immigrants
Binet and Simon
Developed first intelligence test to ID kids who needed remedial education. Measured aptitude apart from achievement
Measuring intelligence
IQ = 100(mental age/chronological age)
Consequences of Intelligence
Correlate with academic performance, occupational status, job performance, income, cognitive ability, liberal, atheistic
Spearman
Two-factor theory of intelligence. Every task needs general ability and skills that are specific to task
Thurstone
Mental abilities that are stable and independent: general ability, specific skills, group factors
Middle level abilities
Correlation among 8 middle level abilities such as memory/learning, crystallized intelligence…
Fluid intelligence
Ability to see abstract relationships and draw logical inferences. Raven’s progressive matrices
Crystallized intelligence
Ability to retain and use knowledge gained thru experience
Sternberg
Three kinds of intelligence: analytic, creative, practical
Gardner
8 forms of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic. Prodigy - normal intelligence with extraordinary ability. Savant - low intelligence with extraordinary ability.
Emotional intelligence
Ability to reason about emotions and use emotions to enhance reasoning
Galton
First to study genetic influences on intelligence - argues that it is inherited
Flynn Effect
Average intelligence on test scores rises .3% per year
Incremental view of intelligence
Malleable and can be changed with effort
Entity view of intelligence
Fixed and cannot be changed with effort.
SES and intelligence
SES one of best predictors of intelligence. High SES can raise IQ 12-18 points. Brain development, intellectual stimulation.
Education and intelligence
Large correlation between education and intelligence. But smart people stay in school and school makes people smarter. Education may actually just improve test-taking ability. Educational effect on intelligence amy be small/short-lived
