15 - Disorders Flashcards
(25 cards)
Mental disorder
Disturbance/dysfunction in behavior, thought, emotions. Causes significant distress or impairment.
Medical model
Mental illnesses that have biological and environmental causes, defined symptoms, possible cures
Signs
Objectively observed indicators of a disorder
Symptoms
Subjectively reported behaviors, thoughts, emotions
Disorder, disease, diagnosis
Disorder - common set of signs and symptoms
Disease - known pathological process affecting body
Diagnosis - determination as to whether disorder or disease is present
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
DSM-5. Manual with 22 categories that have over 200 mental disorders. List criteria that have to be met for diagnosis. Cultural considerations for diagnosis.
Comorbidity
Co-occurrence of 2+ disorders in an individual
Diathesis-stress model
Person may be predisposed for disorder, but that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress
3 factors that cause abnormal functioning
Biological, psychological, social processes/behavior
Anxiety disorder
Maladaptive as feeling is disproportionate to real threats. Sig comorbidity with depression
Phobic
Marked, persistent, excessive fear of specific objects, activities, situations. Preparedness theory - evolution predisposes us towards certain fears. But phobias can also be classically conditioned
Panic disorder
Sudden occurrence of psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to feeling of terror and panic
OCD
Repetitive, intrusive obsessions, and ritualistic behaviors designed to fend off obsessions that impair functioning
PTSD
Chronic physiological arousal, unwanted thoughts, traumatic images, avoidance of things that cause trauma to mind.
Major depressive disorder (unipolar)
Severely depressed mood lasts 2+ weeks, accompanied by feelings of worthlessness, lethargy, no pleasure, sleep appetite problems. Dysthymia has same symptoms but lasts at least 2 years.
Double depression
Moderately depressed mood for 2+ years, punctuated by periods of major depression
Seasonal affective disorder
Depression has episodes following seasonal pattern
Bipolar disorder
Unstable emotional condition - cycles of mania and depression
Schizophrenia
Disruption of basic psychological processes, distorted perception of reality, altered or blunted emotion, disturbances in thought, motivation, behavior. Symptoms - delusion, hallucination, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior
Autism spectrum disorder
Persistent communication deficits, restricted/repetitive behaviors, interests, activities. Impaired capacity for empathy
ADHD
Pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsiveness that cause impairments in functioning
Conduct disorder
Childhood pattern of deviant behavior involving aggression to people to animals, destruction to property, theft, rule violations
Personality disorder
Ingrained, inflexible patters of thought or feeling that cause distress or impaired functioning. Inability to take others’ perspectives. Three clusters: odd/eccentric (paranoid), dramatic/erratic (schizoid, antisocial, borderline…), anxious/inhibited (avoidant, dependent…)
Suicide
10th leading cause of death in US, 50% who commit do it during depressive episode
