15 - Disorders

Question 1

Mental disorder

Answer 1

Disturbance/dysfunction in behavior, thought, emotions. Causes significant distress or impairment.

Question 2

Medical model

Answer 2

Mental illnesses that have biological and environmental causes, defined symptoms, possible cures

Question 3

Signs

Answer 3

Objectively observed indicators of a disorder

Question 4

Symptoms

Answer 4

Subjectively reported behaviors, thoughts, emotions

Question 5

Disorder, disease, diagnosis

Answer 5

Disorder - common set of signs and symptoms
Disease - known pathological process affecting body
Diagnosis - determination as to whether disorder or disease is present

Question 6

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Answer 6

DSM-5. Manual with 22 categories that have over 200 mental disorders. List criteria that have to be met for diagnosis. Cultural considerations for diagnosis.

Question 7

Comorbidity

Answer 7

Co-occurrence of 2+ disorders in an individual

Question 8

Diathesis-stress model

Answer 8

Person may be predisposed for disorder, but that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress

Question 9

3 factors that cause abnormal functioning

Answer 9

Biological, psychological, social processes/behavior

Question 10

Anxiety disorder

Answer 10

Maladaptive as feeling is disproportionate to real threats. Sig comorbidity with depression

Question 11

Phobic

Answer 11

Marked, persistent, excessive fear of specific objects, activities, situations. Preparedness theory - evolution predisposes us towards certain fears. But phobias can also be classically conditioned

Question 12

Panic disorder

Answer 12

Sudden occurrence of psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to feeling of terror and panic

Question 13

OCD

Answer 13

Repetitive, intrusive obsessions, and ritualistic behaviors designed to fend off obsessions that impair functioning

Question 14

PTSD

Answer 14

Chronic physiological arousal, unwanted thoughts, traumatic images, avoidance of things that cause trauma to mind.

Question 15

Major depressive disorder (unipolar)

Answer 15

Severely depressed mood lasts 2+ weeks, accompanied by feelings of worthlessness, lethargy, no pleasure, sleep appetite problems. Dysthymia has same symptoms but lasts at least 2 years.

Question 16

Double depression

Answer 16

Moderately depressed mood for 2+ years, punctuated by periods of major depression

Question 17

Seasonal affective disorder

Answer 17

Depression has episodes following seasonal pattern

Question 18

Bipolar disorder

Answer 18

Unstable emotional condition - cycles of mania and depression

Question 19

Schizophrenia

Answer 19

Disruption of basic psychological processes, distorted perception of reality, altered or blunted emotion, disturbances in thought, motivation, behavior. Symptoms - delusion, hallucination, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior

Question 20

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer 20

Persistent communication deficits, restricted/repetitive behaviors, interests, activities. Impaired capacity for empathy

Question 21

ADHD

Answer 21

Pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsiveness that cause impairments in functioning

Question 22

Conduct disorder

Answer 22

Childhood pattern of deviant behavior involving aggression to people to animals, destruction to property, theft, rule violations

Question 23

Personality disorder

Answer 23

Ingrained, inflexible patters of thought or feeling that cause distress or impaired functioning. Inability to take others’ perspectives. Three clusters: odd/eccentric (paranoid), dramatic/erratic (schizoid, antisocial, borderline…), anxious/inhibited (avoidant, dependent…)

Question 24

Suicide

Answer 24

10th leading cause of death in US, 50% who commit do it during depressive episode

Question 25

Nonsuicidal self-injury

Answer 25

Deliberate destruction of tissue without intent of dying