13 - Social Psychology Flashcards
(21 cards)
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Animals aggress only when goals thwarted
Best predictor of aggression
Gender, either from socialization or testosterone
Prejudice
Postive or negative evaluation of others based on group membership
Discrimination
Behavior towards others based on group membership
Diffusion of responsibility
Diminished responsibility when around others acting in same way
Deindividuation
Being in group causes people to be less aware of individual values
Bystander effect
Presence of others hinders individual from responding in an emergency situation
Kin selection
Evolution selects for individuals who cooperate with relatives
Attraction
Caused by situational, physical, psychological factors. Proximity. Mere exposure effect - frequency. Physical attractiveness - body shame, symmetry, age. Mates that are psychologically similar
Passionate vs companionate love
Passionate - euphoria, intimacy, sexual attraction. Companionate - affection, trust, concern. Passionate goes down while companionate up over time.
Social exchange
Hypothesis that people remain in relationships as long as there is favorable cost:ratio. Comparison levels - would other relationship be better. Equity - cost-benefit of both partners equal. Sunken cost- will stick with less optimal
Norm
Regular standard for behavior shared by members of culture. Normative influence - another person’s behavior gives info on appropriateness. Reciprocity - benefit those who benefit you
Connections with others effects
Relationships affect - risk of becoming obese skyrockers in friend becomes obese.
Conformity
Doing what others do simply because they do.
Obedience
Doing what powerful people say to do. Electric shock test.
Changing beliefs
People evaluate accuracy of new beliefs by assessing consistency with old ones.
Foot-in-the-door
Technique - small request followed by larger
Cognitive dissonance
Unpleasant state that arises when person recognizes inconsistency of actions, attitudes, beliefs. Must change to alleviate anxiety
Stereotyping
Drawing inferences based on knowledge of categories to which others belong. Can be inaccurate, overused, self-perpetuating (perceptual confirmation and self-fulfilling prophecy)
Subtyping
Tendency for people who are faced with disconfirming evidence to modify stereotypes rather than abandon
Attribution
Inference about cause of person’s behavior. Situational and dispositional. Fundamental attribution error - we tend to place emphasis on dispositional with others, situational with ourselves
