10: Reproduction

Question 1

where is progesterone and oestrogen made

Answer 1

ovaries

Question 2

three features of female gametes

Answer 2

few
fat
fixed

Question 3

what are types of reproductoin

Answer 3

asexual and sexual

Question 4

2 ways to prevent polyspermy

Answer 4

Cortical granule enzymes = digest receptors + harden zona pellucida → block further sperm entry.

limited number of sperm reaching the egg

Question 5

what hormone does LH stimulate/inhibit

Answer 5

stimulates progesterone

Question 6

what is step 1 of IVF

Answer 6

drug is taken by woman to inhibit FSH and LH secretion- cause oestrogen and prog to also stop

Question 7

example of asexually reproducing organisms

Answer 7

strawberry runners

Question 8

three disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 8

takes time and energy to find mates

Question 9

what are three advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 9

increases genetic variation
can adopt to changing environment
less vulnerable to disease

Question 10

what hormone does progesterone stimulate/inhibit

Answer 10

inhibits LH and FSH

Question 11

why do they do step one of IVF

Answer 11

halts menstrual cycle, doctors can control timing/quantity of egg production

Question 12

where is LH made

Answer 12

anterior pituitary

Question 13

what is step 3 of IVF

Answer 13

eggs collected and fertlized by sperm in sterile lab conditions, turn into embryos

Question 14

what day is ovulation day

Answer 14

14

Question 15

what does hCG do

Answer 15

causes corpus luteum to persist, so it keeps making progesterone, stops the endo lining from breaking down

Question 16

how to asexual offspring get genetic variation

Answer 16

mutation

Question 17

step 4 IVF

Answer 17

48 hours later two embryos are inserted into uterus

Question 18

what does progesterone do?

Answer 18

produced by the corpus luteum
rises once ovulation happens
maintains endometrium lining
inhibits LH and FSH

Question 19

how does the reproductive system know not to repeat the cycle

Answer 19

implanted embryo secretes hormone called hCG into maternal blood

Question 20

what is the success rate of IVF

Answer 20

30%

Question 21

what is the layer surrounding the secondary oocyte

Answer 21

zona pellucida

Question 22

where is FSH made

Answer 22

anterior pituitary

Question 23

what does oestrogen do?

Answer 23

produced by the egg follicle/ corpus luteum post ovulation
causes endometrium to thicken

Question 24

steps of sperm embedding into the egg

Answer 24

1) sperm becomes hypermobile- bashes cells (corona radiata) to the oocyte
2) enzymes from acrosome digest the zona pellucida
3) sperm binds to receptors on the oocyte’s membrane. The sperm and oocyte membranes fuse, the sperm nucleus to enter the oocyte
4) enzymes released from cortical granules digest receptor proteins which harden the zona pellucida

Question 25

three disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 25

limited genetic variation vulnerable to environmental changes vulnerable to disease

Question 26

how do sexual offspring get genetic variation?

Answer 26

50% of DNA from 2 parents production of gametes by meiosis random distribution of chromosomes into gametes in meiosis

Question 27

what does FSH do

Answer 27

stimulates egg maturation stimulates follicles in ovary to secrete oestrogen

Question 28

what are the two stages of sexual reproduction

Answer 28

making gametes by meiosis fertilization

Question 29

what is step 2 of IVF

Answer 29

woman given FSH and LH in high concentration (superovulation) to stimulate follicle development

Question 30

three features of male gametes

Answer 30

mini many motile

Question 31

what hormone does FSH stimulate/inhibit

Answer 31

stimulates follicles in ovary to secrete oestrogen

Question 32

what does hCG stand for

Answer 32

human chorionic gonadotrophin

Question 33

step 5 of IVF

Answer 33

extra progesterone is given to the women to ensure endometrium is maintained

Question 34

what hormone does oestrogen stimulate/inhibit

Answer 34

inhibits LH and FSH after ovulation oestrogen stimulates the release of LH when high enough

Question 35

what are two advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 35

population can increase rapidly in correct conditions time/energy efficient

Question 36

what is corona radiata

Answer 36

an outer layer of follicular (granulosa) cells that form around a developing oocyte in the ovary and remain with it upon ovulation.

Question 37

what does LH do

Answer 37

stimulate ovulation (release of oocyte) results in corpus luteum formation stimulates progesterone

Question 38

what cells surround the oocyte

Answer 38

ovarian follicle cells