10. Sleep medicine

Question 1

On/off switch for anesthetic transition

Answer 1

Thalamus

Question 2

Sedation and synchronicity

Answer 2

Increase local and regional synchronicity

Question 3

Location of conscious memory

Answer 3

Medial temporal lobe

Question 4

Anesthetic drugs can cause retrograde facilitation

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Polysomnography test includes

Answer 5

EEG + EMG + Electrooculography

Question 6

AHI Apnea-Hypopnea index
RDI Respiratory disturbance index

Answer 6

AHI = A+H / Total sleep time
RDI = A + H + Arousal (EEG) / TST

Question 7

Respiratory Distress Index interpretation

Answer 7

<5 Norm
5 - 15 Mild
15 - 30 Mod
> 30 severe

Question 8

Amplitudes in REM vs Non REM

Answer 8

Non-REM increase amplitudes
REM low amplitudes with mixed frequencies

Question 9

Definition of apnea

Answer 9

90% from baseline + > 10 sec + 90% flow reduction

Question 10

Definition of Hypoapnea

Answer 10

> 30% + SiO2 decrease 4% or
40% + SiO2 3%

Question 11

Definition of hypoventilation

Answer 11

Increase of PCO2 more than 10%

Question 12

Gold standard treatment for OSA

Answer 12

CPAP

Question 13

STOP BANG interpretation

Answer 13

0-2 Low risk
3-4 Medium risk
5-8 High risk

Question 14

STOP BANG

Answer 14

Snoring Tired Observed Pressure BMI > 35
Age > 50 Neck > 40 Gender male

Question 15

Where does it take place the cortical arousal

Answer 15

Pontine reticular formation

Question 16

Dexmedetomidine affects locus cereleus like

Answer 16

Non REM sleep

Question 17

What area induces sleep

Answer 17

Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (AKA intermediate nucleus of the preoptic area (IPA))

Question 17

What areas induce arousal

Answer 17

Locus ceruleus, pontine reticular formation, orexinergic neuron

Question 18

The sensibility of receptors for CO2 during sleep

Answer 18

Decreases