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Miller's Anesthesia > 36. Cardiovascular monitoring > Flashcards

36. Cardiovascular monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

Pulse deficit

A

HR - Pulse rate

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2
Q

ECG filters. Types and range

A

Diagnostic 0.05-150 Hz. Good for spiking (pacemaker)
Monitor 0.05-40 Hz (ST)
Filter 0.5-20Hz (the best for noise)

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3
Q

Usually gain at ECG

A

10 mm/mV

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4
Q

ST elevation

A

Transmural ischemia

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5
Q

ST depression

A

Subendocardial ischemia
Transmural ischemia in contralateral leads

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6
Q

NIBP and MAP estimation

A

MAP tends to be underestimated during HyperT
MAP tends to overestimate during HypoT

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7
Q

Dicrotic notch
Anacrotic notch

A

Dicrotic notch Aortic valve closes
Anacrotic notch Aortic stenosis

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8
Q

Aortic stenosis sounds

A

Pulsus parvus (narrow Pulse pressure)
Pulsus tardus (delayed upstroke)

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9
Q

Aortic regurgitation sound

A

Pulsus bisferiens (double peak)
Wide PP

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10
Q

Sound in cardiac tamponade

A

Pulsus paradoxus

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11
Q

Sound in Left ventricular failure

A

Pulsus alternans

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12
Q

Sound in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Spike and dome

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13
Q

CVP letters and meaning

A

a - End diastolic (atrial contraction)
c - Early systolic (TC closes)
x - Mid S
v - Late S
y - Early D (tricuspid opens)
h - Mid late D

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14
Q

Rigth pressures. Atrium, ventricle, PA, PAW

A

RA a - 6 v - 5 Mean 3
RV 25/6
PAW 25/9 (15)
PAW 9

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15
Q

CVP in A fib, Tricuspid Reg, T stenosis

A

Afib. No a, tall C
TR. Tall c-v
TSt. Tall a

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16
Q

SVR formula

A

(MAP-CVP) *80/CO

17
Q

PVR formula

A

(MPAP - PAWP )*80/CO

18
Q

Radial vs Axillary a line (systolic, diastolic, PP, D. notch)

A

Radial. Increase Systolic, decrease diastolic, PP wider, D notch faster
Axillary opposite

19
Q

Best lead in ECG for ischemia

A

V5 75%
II + V5 80%
II + V4 + V5 100%

20
Q

Positioning on NIBP

A

40 % of arm circumference, 80% length of the upper

21
Q

Hypovolemia hypervolemia and BP

A

Hypo overestimates
Hyper underestimates

22
Q

Gold standard for CO

A

Thermodilution

23
Q

Korotoff characteristics

A

Turbulence sounds
To measure BP
NO measure MAP

24
Q

Compare to A line, NIBP

A

Underestimates systolic
Overestimates diastolic

25
Q

Acceptable difference between NIBP and A line

A

20 mmHg

26
Q

Location of A line transducers

A

5 cm posterior to sternum

27
Q

Zone for PA wedge

A

Zone 3

28
Q

How do the monitor measure heart rate

A

R - R interval in ECG

29
Q

Damped waveform

A

Under. Systolic pressure overshoot.
Over. Flat waveform

30
Q

Systolic upstroke in ECG

A

R wave

31
Q

Pulse pressure variation normal until

A

13-17%

32
Q

Systolic pressure variation normal until

A

5-6 mmHg

33
Q

Mitral Reg wedge pressure waveform

A

Prominent V

34
Q

Square root sign in ECG

A

Constrictive pericarditis

Miller's Anesthesia (41 decks)

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