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Psych/Sociology > Memory and Learning > Flashcards

Memory and Learning Flashcards

1
Q

what is encoding

A

sensory input transformed into an object we can store or perform cognitive operations on

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2
Q

what is priming? ex of negative

A

effects of content on our ability to perceive subsequent stimuli
that dumb trick where you ask questions and its always milk then you ask what a cow drinks and ppl say milk

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3
Q

what is chunking

A

multiple meaningful components are easier to encode like splitting up a phone number

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4
Q

what is method of loci

A

encode info by mentally mapping it onto an imagined space

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5
Q

duration of sensory, long term, short term

A

sensory - instantaneous and decays quickly
long - hours to years
short - second to minutes and is limited

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6
Q

what is working memory

A

cognitive processes to act on info were holding in our short term memory

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7
Q

explicit memory - also known as declarative

A

semantic
memory of specific info
things that can be consciously declared!

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8
Q

implicit memory

A

procedural

like riding a bike

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9
Q

flashbulb memory

A

extremely vivid detail of important moments

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10
Q

eidetic memory

A

info recall

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11
Q

iconic memory

A

visual image can remain in our perception briefly

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12
Q

prospective memory

A

plans to do something in the future

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13
Q

what is a schema

A

ways we organize our knowledge

for example when you think of a bus you think of school

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14
Q

recall vs recognition

A

recall is more active and harder

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15
Q

how does semantic activation improve speed and accuracy in recall

A

can quickly retrieve concepts adjacent to already activated concepts

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16
Q

what is dual coding effect

A

studying multiple modalities is more effective than just one

use verbal and non verbal

17
Q

what is state dependent memory

A

if you are in a certain state of mind you may be more likely to recall something from when you were previously in that state of mind
think about when your sad you remember the bad days fo your life

18
Q

what is the effect you see when a witness sees the potential criminal in handcuffs

A

after seeing that someone is a criminal they may misremember the situation to be more negative than it was
misinformation effect

19
Q

why is reproductive memory not an accurate model of memory and what is

A

that is more like a computer just encode info them reproduce when needed
real memory is reconstructive and we build memories based on perception and info we have

20
Q

how does cognitive reconstruction relate to your family never getting the story straight

A

they are false memories your brain makes up that they believe are true

21
Q

describe ebbinghaus forgetting curve

A

forgetting happens but repeated rounds of relearning cause the forgetting process to slow down and for more info to be consolidated into long term memory

22
Q

proactive vs retroactive interference!

A

proactive - old ways get in the way of new ones
think im a pro so I can’t get any better

retroactive - new memories interfere with the old ones
think about how hard it would be to try use retro old phones now

23
Q

how can you relate retrograde amnesia to retrograde interference

A

amnesia - forget previous events entirely

interference - new memories interfere with old ones

24
Q

how does korsakoffs syndrome differ from alzhemiers

A

tendency for fictional stories

25
Q

implicit vs explicit !!

A

implicit is unconscious skills

e

26
Q

what is semantic memory

A

long term memory of things learned not from personal experience
ex. provinces capitals

27
Q

what part of brain is important for declarative memory

A

hippocampus

28
Q

what is avoidance avoidance conflict

A

when you have to choose between two bad things

like do the dishes or wash the vehicles

29
Q

what is approach approach conflict

A

have to decide between two good things

you can get a free ice cream or a free poutine

30
Q

what is approach avoidance conflict

A

when you are dealing with something that has good and bad things
you get accepted into med school but would have big student loans

31
Q

what is double approach avoidance conflict

A

when choosing between two things that have good and bad
choosing between living in the city or in the country

make a list of pros and cons of each

32
Q

primary vs secondary stress appraisal

A

primary - extend seen as a stressor

second - assessment of ability to deal with the stressor

33
Q

what is general adaption syndrome

A

initial response to stress is alarm which activates sympathetic system
then shifts over to resistance which produces cortisol
results in exhaustion and long term negative effects of stress

Psych/Sociology (18 decks)

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