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Psych/Sociology > Lessons Learned > Flashcards

Lessons Learned Flashcards

1
Q

semantic memory

A

long term memory that processes ideas that dont come from personal experience

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2
Q

what is linear perspective

A

parallel lines that recede in the distance appear closer to gether

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3
Q

what is texture gradient

A

distortion in size of closer objects compared to far

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4
Q

what is perceptual consistency

A

perception is constant even though sensation changes

snow looks just as white in the night

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5
Q

what is attention shift

A

increases efficacy of attention at the one spot and then decreases attentional resources to irrelevant objects

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6
Q

what does aschs experiment tell us about conformity

A

if there is ambiguity and no clear consensus in a group its easier to make and independent opinion

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7
Q

punishment to eliminate behaviour is most effective if it is

A

immediate
consistent
intense

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8
Q

difference threshold

A

min level of stimulation that is noticed 50% of the time

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9
Q

brainwashing techniques by McConnell you can think of what

A

prison they are isolated and depend on the guards to bring their food and if you offer rewards they will give up info

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10
Q

what is a saccade

A

when the eye jumps from one focus point to another rather than smoothly tracking

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11
Q

chemoreceptors are for

A

taste and smell

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12
Q

what is a limen

A

threshold below which a stimulus is not perceived or distinguished from one another

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13
Q

what is medicare

A

for people over 65 and to disabled people

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14
Q

difference between top down and bottom up processing

A

top down - perception driven by cognition

bottom up - processing sensory info as it comes in

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15
Q

how can you use feature detection to determine what someone might see when scanning a busy street

A

since external stimuli are filtered and processed by relevance it will depend on what situation someone is in
if someone is waiting for their friend the first thing they may notice is someone waving rather than the police lights going off

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16
Q

what type of processing do children often use when seeing something new for the first time

A

bottom up

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17
Q

what is the context effect

A

increased recall when the subject is in a similar environment to the one it was learned in

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18
Q

what is a stimulus motive

A

one that is innate but not necessary for survival

like curiosity - not learned but causes increase in stimulation

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19
Q

normative vs informative pressure

A

norm - you know they’re wrong but don’t want to go against the group
inform - conform to the rest of the group because you assume they know more

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20
Q

who is gordon all port

A

outlined a theory of personality of 3 basic traits
cardinal
central
secondary

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21
Q

cardinal traits

A

those in which people organize their entire lives

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22
Q

central traits

A

defining characteristics of a person that can be easily inferred from that person’s behavior

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23
Q

secondary traits

A

occur sometimes, particularly when a person is in a certain social situation.

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24
Q

John b Watsons little Albert experiment did what

A

used classical conditioning to make a boy scared of furry animals and objects

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25
Q

Albert banduru bodo doll experiment

A

showed that kids display aggressive behaviour when their parents do from observational learning

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26
Q

Hans Eysenck said persoanlity was due to what

A

biology

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27
Q

Muzafer Sharif’s Robber’s Cave experiment

A

examined the intergroup conflicts that arise in response to competition over limited resources.

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28
Q

Harry Harlow rhesus monkeys

A

examined parent/child attachment, social isolation, and dependency

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29
Q

deductive vs inductive reasoning

A

in - extrapolates from individual observations to general principles
did - extrapolates from general principles to individual observations

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30
Q

prescriptive vs descriptive

A

prescriptive is what you think should happen and descriptive is what one perceives as actually happening

31
Q

our assignment of meaning towards or money or something like diamonds is an example of

A

social constructionism

32
Q

social exchange theory vs rational choice what’s the big difference

A

social exchange is more subjective

rational choice is objective measures that will result in the greatest benefit

33
Q

diathesis stress model of behaviour

A

uses environemental and biological dispositions towards behaviour

34
Q

encoding specificity

A

enhanced memory when in the same location or conditions of learning

35
Q

how are phobias usually acquired

A

through classical conditioning

36
Q

is retinal disparity a binocular cue

A

yes requires both retinas

37
Q

anomie is associated with which perspective

A

functionalist

38
Q

social stigma is associated with which perspective

A

symbolic interactionism

39
Q

what is life course perspective

A

how things when your young will affect the future outcomes

40
Q

what is demographic transition theory

A

Demographic transition refers to a theory of economic development and population change. The theory suggests that economic changes, specifically industrialization, affect the relationship between the fertility and mortality rates in a society.

41
Q

what is social epidemiology

A

emphasizes how social factors, such as class or race/ethnicity, affect the distribution of health and disease

42
Q

what is ethnographic research

A

involves observing social interactions in real social settings.

43
Q

what is seyles general adaption syndrome

A

people’s response to various stressors is similar.

44
Q

what is priming effect, is it conscious

A

exposure to one stimulus effects the next response
if you are at a pig farm and then someone asks what to have for supper you’ll be more likely to say pork
this is unconscious!

45
Q

according to group dynamics in sociology how does a dyad group differ from a triad

A

smaller groups tend to be more intimate but less stable

larger are more stable because there are more social ties but they are a less intimate bond

46
Q

what is ingratiation

A

basically sucking up

presenting yourself in a way you think people will like

47
Q

alturism vs inclusive fitness

A

alturism is more broad like to a whole society not just your kin

48
Q

how does false consciousness change the view of people are are exploited

A

if the managers tell them if they keep working hard they will move up then they see these managers as their alleys

49
Q

recall vs shadowing

A

recall is like asked to repeat words back after a period of time in psych shadowing is saying the things as you hear them

50
Q

what is the gestalt principle of psych

A

gestalt psychology was the theoretical approach that emphasized the idea that the ways in which people’s perceptual experience is organized result from how human brains are organized

51
Q

what is intersectionality

A

. Intersectionality calls attention to how identity categories intersect in systems of social stratification
how race and social status can influence social heir achy

52
Q

how do emotions effect our attention

A

focus more on central things less focus on peripheral

53
Q

what are the main components of measuring SES

A

income
occupation
education

54
Q

a positive correlation between two _____ measures of a variable supports the ______ of those measures

A

independent

validity

55
Q

dichotic listening task

A

send a message to the right ear and a different one to the left at the same time and have them repeat what they hear

56
Q

what to image brain structures only

A

CT or MRI

57
Q

want to image brain structure and activity

A

PET or fMRI

58
Q

what to study brainwaves/electrical activity

A

EEG

59
Q

peer groups are what kind of group

A

primary

60
Q

conflict theory vs functionalism regarding social change

A

conflict theory looks at class differences and would think an overthrow of the rich people would be a good thing while functionalism likes the social stability

61
Q

what is structural mobility

A

ability of a whole society to move up or down a social class not just an individual

62
Q

what is self verification

A

tendency to see out and agree with info that is consistent with ones self concept

63
Q

what is sensory interaction

A

one sensory modality may influence another

ex. need to keep eyes open to balance

64
Q

fmRI vs PET scan

A

fMRI seems to be more realtime stuff like activity when talking or something because it shows changes in blood flow
PET takes longer and requires radio labelled glucose so between the 2 fMRI is prob more likely

65
Q

what is place theory

A

the ability to hear different pitches based on waves triggering activity on different areas along the basilar membrane

66
Q

priming involves which type of memory process

A

implicit

67
Q

what is the difference between REM sleep and being awake

A

EOG - measurement of eye movement

68
Q

what is associative learning

A

connection formed between distinct stimuli or between a stimulus and a response
classical and operant conditioning

69
Q

can an conditioned stimulus become unconditioned

A

no conditioned can never be unconditioned and vice versa

70
Q

what are Parvocellular cells used for

A

detect stationary objects in fine detail

71
Q

does behavioural approach consider cognition

A

no they only care about actual outcomes of behaviour for determining future behaviour

72
Q

what is the glass elevator approach

A

that men will advance to higher positions more quickly in a female dominated profession

73
Q

what is overextension

A

applying the same term for things that are superficially similar like a cow and a dog

Psych/Sociology (18 decks)

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