After Quiz 6

Question 1

Cornea

Answer 1

Transparent & circular front part of the eye that covers the: iris, pupil, & anterior chamber
Provides most of eye’s optical power
Light hits the cornea, bends (refracts) incoming light onto the lens

Question 2

Sclera

Answer 2

Opaque, fibrous, & collagenous protective layer of the eye

Helps maintain rigidity

Question 3

Limbus

Answer 3

Corneoscleral junction

Where cornea meets sclera

Question 4

Uvea

Answer 4

Deep to sclera

Consists of choroid, ciliary body, & iris (contains the pupil)

Question 5

Choroid

Answer 5

Vascular layer of the eye, located between the retina & the sclera

Question 6

Ciliary body

Answer 6

Located between iris & choroids

Contains many muscle bundles that regulate the shape of the lens

Question 7

Iris

Answer 7

Overlays the lens
Controls the amount of light that enters the eye (along with the pupil
Made of thin, elastic tissue with an opening (pupil) in the center; surrounded by a circular muscle (the sphincter)
It contains pigmented epithelium

Question 8

Pupil

Answer 8

Controls the amount of light that enters the eye (along with the iris)
During low light = expands
During high light = contracts

Question 9

Retina

Answer 9

Thin layer of neural cells along the back of the eyeball
Where light is converted into electrical impulses & sent along the optic nerve to the brain
Made of rods (dim light vision), cones (color vision), & photoreceptor cells

Question 10

Zonule

Answer 10

Suspensory ligaments of the lens
Composed of zonular fibers
- Change tension via contraction & relaxation of the ciliary muscle to change the focusing power of the eye (contradictory)

Question 11

Lens

Answer 11

Biconvex, transparent, & elastic structure that focuses the light coming in through the cornea & pupil
Loses its accommodation ability as the individual ages (called presbyopia)
Three parts:
- Lens capsule
- Lens epithelium
- Lens fibers

Question 12

Lens capsule

Answer 12

Elastic & composed of collagen

Question 13

Lens epithelium

Answer 13

Regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens

Question 14

Lens fibers

Answer 14

Form the bulk of the lens

Question 15

Vitreous humor

Answer 15

Clear, jelly-like aqueous solution that fills the space between the lens & retina
maintains the shape of the eyeball & provides clear path for light to travel to the retina

Question 16

Aqueous humor

Answer 16

Fills the space between the cornea & the lens
Provides nutrients to the lens & corneal endothelium
Its pressure maintains the convex shape of the cornea

Question 17

Anterior chamber

Answer 17

Fluid filled space between the cornea & iris

Question 18

Posterior chamber

Answer 18

Narrow cavity between the iris & lens

Question 19

Scleral sinus

Answer 19

Critical area for drainage of aqueous humor from the eyeball

*failure to drain = inc. intraocular pressure (glaucoma)

Question 20

Tapetum lucidum

Answer 20

Light-colored, reflective area of choroid
Reflects light rays (improves vision in low-light conditions)
Found mostly in nocturnal animals

Question 21

Nontapetal nigrum

Answer 21

Brown-black portion of interior of the eyeball

Question 22

Optic disk

Answer 22

Entrance of optic nerve into posterior aspect of the eyeball

Contains no rods or cones (called the blind spot)

Question 23

External jugular vein

Answer 23

Formed by meeting of linguofacial & maxillary veins

Question 24

Linguofacial vein

Answer 24

Two major branches:
Lingual vein
Facial vein

Question 25

Lingual vein

Answer 25

Drains blood from tongue larynx, & pharynx

Question 26

Facial vein

Answer 26

Drains blood from the face

Question 27

Maxillary vein

Answer 27

Drains blood from the ear, orbit, palate, nasal cavity, cheek, mandible, & cranial cavity

Question 28

Facial nerve

Answer 28

Nerve VII | Supplies all superficial muscles of head & face, along with digastricus m (caudal belly) & platysma

Question 29

Caudal thyroid artery

Answer 29

Supplies: Trachea Esophagus Thyroid

Question 30

Cranial thyroid artery

Answer 30

``` Supplies: Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pharynx-larynx mm. Sternocephalicus m. Cleidocephalicus m. (mastoid part) ```

Question 31

Internal carotid artery

Answer 31

Major artery of head & neck Supplies: Brain

Question 32

External carotid artery

Answer 32

``` Supplies structures within: Neck Face Scalp Maxilla Tongue ```

Question 33

Occipital artery

Answer 33

Supplies caudal muscles of: Skull Meninges

Question 34

Cranial laryngeal artery

Answer 34

Supplies larynx ___: muscles Mucous membrane Glands

Question 35

Lingual artery

Answer 35

Supplies: Tongue Tonsil

Question 36

Facial artery

Answer 36

Supplies: Lips Nose

Question 37

Caudal auricular artery

Answer 37

Supplies: | Ears

Question 38

Superficial temporal artery

Answer 38

``` Supplies: Parotid gland Masseter m. Temporal m. Auricular m. Eyelids ```

Question 39

Maxillary artery

Answer 39

Supplies: Deep structures of the face Alar canal

Question 40

Inferior alveolar artery

Answer 40

Supplies: Roots of lower jaw teeth Skin (via mental branch)

Question 41

Middle meningeal artery

Answer 41

Passes through oval foramen Supplies: Dura mater (via brain)

Question 42

Infraorbital artery

Answer 42

Runs through maxilla bone -> under orbit of the eye Supplies: Some eye muscles

Question 43

Cranial nerves

Answer 43

12 Emerge from or enter the brain through foramina of the skull Sensory, motor, or mixed

Question 44

Olfactory nerve

Answer 44

Cranial Nerve I Supplies: Olfactory bulbs Vomeronasal organ

Question 45

Optic nerve

Answer 45

Cranial Nerve II Supplies: Eyes (sight)

Question 46

Oculomotor nerve

Answer 46

Cranial Nerve III Supplies: Muscles of the eyeball

Question 47

Trochlear nerve

Answer 47

Cranial Nerve IV Supplies: Dorsal oblique muscle

Question 48

Trigeminal nerve

Answer 48

``` Cranial Nerve V Three nerves: Opthalmic n. Maxillary n. Mandibular n. ```

Question 49

Opthalmic nerve

Answer 49

``` Sensory nerve Supplies: Eyelids Eyeballs Nasal mucosa Skin of the nose ```

Question 50

Maxillary nerve

Answer 50

``` Sensory nerve Supplies: Superior eyelid Nasal mucosa Superior teeth Superior lip Nose Lacrimal gland Nasal gland Palatine gland ```

Question 51

Mandibular nerve

Answer 51

``` Sensory & motor nerve Supplies: Masseter m. Temporal m. Mucosa of the cheeks Lateral & medial pterygoid mm. Lower teeth Rostral/middle tongue Rostral belly of the digastricus m. ```

Question 52

Abducent nerve

Answer 52

Cranial Nerve VI Supplies: Retractor bulbi m. Lateral rectus m.

Question 53

Facial nerve

Answer 53

``` Cranial Nerve VII Supplies: Platysma Buccinator Orbicularis oris Orbicularis oculi Levator nasolabialis Retractor anguli oculi lateralis Digastricus m. (caudal belly) ```

Question 54

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 54

Cranial Nerve VIII Supplies: Ears Provides sense of hearing & balance

Question 55

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 55

``` Cranial Nerve IX Supplies: Tonsils of tongue Root of tongue Mucosa & muscles of pharynx ```

Question 56

Vagus nerve

Answer 56

``` Cranial Nerve X Gives off R & L recurrent laryngeal nerves Supplies: Eyes Salivary glands Bronchi Esophagus Organs (Heart, stomach, liver, pancreas, kidneys, small intestines, colon) ```

Question 57

L & R laryngeal nerves

Answer 57

Innervate: trachea Esophagus Laryngeal mm.

Question 58

Accessory nerve

Answer 58

``` Cranial Nerve XI Supplies: Trapezius Omotransversarius m. Sternocephalicus m. Cleidocephalicus m. ```

Question 59

Hypoglossal nerve

Answer 59

``` Cranial Nerve XII Supplies: Motor to muscles of the tongue (intrinsic/extrinsic) Genihyoideus m. Thyrohoideus m. ```