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Comparative Anatomy > Quiz 4 > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Pleurae

A

2 serous membranes covering lungs & lining the thorax.
Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura

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2
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Outer.
Attached to thoracic wall
Attaches via the endothoracic fascia

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3
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Inner.

Connected to surface of lungs

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4
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Also called intrapleural space.
Space between visceral and costal pleura.
Filled with pleural fluid (lube for pleurae)
Left & right: separated

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5
Q

Mediastinum

A

Central compartment of thoracic cavity.

Contains: heart, great vessels of heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, vagus nerves, & lymph nodes of chest

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6
Q

Phrenicopericardial ligament

A

Ligament between caudal heart & thoracic wall

Located caudally to heart

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7
Q

Lung lobes

A

Left: cranial (cranial & caudal), caudal lobes
Right: cranial, middle, caudal, accessory

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8
Q

Cranial lobe of right lung

A

Between 4th & 5th rib space

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9
Q

Veins cranial to heart

A 
Cranial vena cava
Brachiocephalic (external jugular & subclavian)
Azygos
Thoracic duct
Right lymphatic duct
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10
Q

Azygos vein

A

Last vein entering cranial vena cava
Only on right side
Collects all dorsal intercostal veins

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11
Q

Thoracic duct

A 
Lymph drainage from:
Viscera
Pelvic limb
Left thoracic limb
Left tracheal trunk
into the left brachiocephalic vein
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12
Q

Right lymphatic duct

A

Lymph drainage from:
Right thoracic limb
Right tracheal trunk
into the right brachiocephalic vein

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13
Q

Arteries cranial to the heart

A 
Aorta; ascending:
Brachiocephalic trunk (right & left common carotoid, right subclavian -> vertebral -> costocervical -> internal thoracic -> superficial cervical -> axillary)
Left subclavian (vertebral -> costocervical -> internal thoracic -> superficial cervical -> axillary)
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14
Q

Venipuncture sites

A

Location of blood collection
Cephalic vein & external jugular
(Axillobrachial & omobrachial)

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15
Q

Lymphatic drainage

A

The thoracic duct is the chief channel for return of lymph in the body

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16
Q

Rami communicantes

A

Branches of communication between each spinal nerve & sympathetic trunk

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17
Q

Sympathetic ganglion

A

A concentrated mass of nerve cell bodies

Mainly: cranial sympathetic ganglion, middle cervical ganglion, & sympathetic trunk ganglion)

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18
Q

Sympathetic pathway

A

Origin: L1-L3; thoracolumbar region
Parts: Preganglionic pathway, ganglion (close to spinal cord), postganglionic pathway (long fibers w/ lots of branching)
Target organs: smooth muscle & gland of pelvic viscera (urinary tract, genitalia, rectum, & anal canal blood vessels & smooth muscle)

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19
Q

Preganglionic pathway of sympathetic pathway

A

Ventral root, spinal nerve, ramus communicans, sympathetic trunk, lumbar splanchnic nerves, & caudal mesenteric plexus

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20
Q

Ganglion of sympathetic pathway

A

Caudal mesenteric ganglion

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21
Q

Postganglionic pathway of sympathetic pathway

A

Left/right hypogastric nerve to pelvic plexus, branches to pelvic viscera from pelvic plexus

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22
Q

Parasympathetic pathway

A

Origin: craniosacral region
Parts: preganglionic pathway, ganglion (close to target organs), & postganglionic pathway (short fibers w/ little branching)
Target organs of pelvic viscera: smooth muscle & glands of pelvic viscera (urinary tract, genitalia, descending colon, rectum, & anal canal blood vessels)

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23
Q

Preganglionic pathway of parasympathetic pathway

A

Ventral root, spinal nerve, ventral primary branch, lumbosacral nerve plexus, pelvic nerve, & pelvic plexus

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24
Q

Ganglion of parasympathetic pathway

A

Pelvic ganglia

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25
Postganglionic pathway of parasympathetic pathway
Direct branches from pelvic plexus to pelvic viscera
26
Chambers of the heart
Auricles Atria Ventricles
27
Auricles
Earlike appendage of each atrium | Pectinate muscle
28
Atria
Two superior chamber of the heart Receive the blood Right side divided into: sinus venarum & right auricle
29
Ventricles
Two lower chambers (pumping chambers) | Parts: chordae tendinae, papillary muscles, trabeculae carneae, trabecula septomarginalis
30
Valves of the heart
Direct flow of blood in one direction: Atrioventricular Semilunar
31
Atrioventricular valve
Right: tricuspid valve (cusps: angular, parietal, septal) Left: bicuspid/mitral valve (cusps: parietal, septal)
32
Semilunar valve
Half-moon shaped flaps Grow from lining of pulmonary artery & aorta. Pulmonary trunk -> pulmonary semilunar valve Aorta -> aortic semilunar valve
33
Blood circulation into heart
``` Vena cava (cranial & caudal), azygos, & coronary sinus -> r. atria -> r. atrioventricular valve -> r. ventricle -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> pulmonary trunk ```
34
Blood circulation out of heart
``` Pulmonary artery (left & right) -> pulmonary valve -> l. atria -> l. atrioventricular valve -> l. ventricle -> aortic semilunar valve -> aorta ```
35
Conduction of heart
Cardiac muscle of conduction (only one: others are contraction m.) Sinoatrial node -> atrioventricular node -> atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) -> purkinje fibers
36
Sinoatrial node (SA node)
Pacemaker Hundreds of cells located in r. atrial wall Near superior vena cava
37
Atrioventricular node
Special cardiac tissue | Located in r. atrium along lower part of interatrial septum
38
Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) + Purkinje fibers
Special cardiac fibers originating in AV node Extend down septum. Turn into PF at lateral walls of ventricles & papillary m.
39
Fetal heart
Foramen ovale Ductus arteriosus Ductus venosus
40
Foramen ovale
Shunt allowing blood to enter l. atrium from r. atrium. Bypasses pulmonary circulation. Closes after birth: becomes fossa ovalis
41
Fossa ovalis
Closed foramen ovale
42
Ductus arteriosus
Shunt connecting pulmonary artery to aortic arch. Alllow blood from r. ventricle to bypass fetus' fluid-filled lungs. Closes after birth: becomes ligamentum arteriosum
43
Ligamentum arteriosum
Closed ductus arteriosus
44
Ductus venosus
Shunts a portion of l. umbilical vein blood to descending vena cava. Allows O. blood from placenta to bypass liver. Closes after birth: becomes ligamentum venosum
45
Ligamentum venosum
Closed ductus venosus
46
Major arteries of thoracic limb
Subclavian Axillary Brachial Median
47
Arteries branching from subclavian artery
``` Vertebral Costocervical Internal thoracic Superficial cervical Axillary ```
48
Arteries branching from axillary artery
External thoracic Lateral thoracic Subscapular -> (thoracodorsal, caudal circumflex humeral) Cranial circumflex humeral
49
Arteries branching from brachial artery
``` Deep brachial Bicipital Collateral ulnar Superficial brachial Common interosseus -> (cranial & caudal interosseous, ulnar) Deep antebrachial? ```
50
Arteries branching from median artery
Radial | Deep antebrachial?
51
Cephalic vein
Injection site & blood collection site on thoracic limb | Runs along cranial surface of antebrachium -> deep of cleidobrachialis m. -> external jugular vein
52
Nerves of thoracic limb
``` Suprascapular Subscapular Musculocutaneous Axillary Thoracodorsal Radial Median Ulnar ```
53
Suprascapular nerve
Origin: C6-7 Innervation: suprasinatus, infraspinatus
54
Subscapular nerve
Origin: C6-7 Innervation: subscapularis
55
Musculocutaneous nerve
Origin: C6-8 Innervation: corocobrachialis, bicips brachii, brachialis
56
Axillary nerve
Origin: C7-8 Innervation: teres major & minor, deltoideus, subscapularis
57
Thoracodorsal nerve
Origin: C7-8, T1 Innervation: latissimus dorsi
58
Radial nerve
Origin: C7-8, T1-2 Innervation: triceps brachii, tensor fasciae, antebrachii, anconeus, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor, supinator, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis, ulnaris lateralis, abductor digit I longus
59
Median nerve
Origin: C8, T1-2 Innervation: Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, superficial digital flexor, pronator quadratus
60
Ulnar nerve
Origin: C8, T1-2 Innervation: Flexor carpi ulnaris, deep digital flexor (ulnar & humeral heads)
61
Internal thoracic artery
Ends in the musculophrenic artery & cranial epigastric artery

Comparative Anatomy (9 decks)

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