Basic Cell Biology

Question 0

Eukaryotes

Answer 0

Organisms that have a well-defined nucleus to house and protect the DNA

Question 1

Prokaryotes

Answer 1

Organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and therefore have DNA floating loosely in the liquid center of the cell.

Question 2

Mitosis

Answer 2

Cell division

Question 3

Meiosis

Answer 3

The production of cell sex

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

The powerhouse of the eukaryotic cell, pumps out energy by converting glucose to ATP

Question 5

Chloroplasts

Answer 5

These organelles are unique to plants. They process the energy of sunlight into sugars that the plant mitochondria use to generate the energy that nourishes the living cell

Question 6

Somatic cells

Answer 6

Produced by cell division ad differentiate into special cell types

Question 7

Sex cells

Answer 7

Only in eukaryotic organisms used for reproduction

Question 8

Sex chromosomes

Answer 8

Determine gender (humans x & y)

Question 9

Autosomal chromosomes

Answer 9

Non-sex chromosomes

Question 10

Phases of mitosis

Answer 10

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 11

Interphase

Answer 11

Cell grows, copies its DNA and prepares to divide. Three phases
G1, S Phase, and G2

Question 12

Prophase

Answer 12

Phase 1 of mitosis. Chromosomes compact and cell nucleus starts breaking up.

Question 13

Metaphase

Answer 13

Phase 2 of mitosis. Chromosomes line up at center of cell

Question 14

Spindle fibers

Answer 14

Separate chromosomes by grabbing onto centromeres

Question 15

Anaphase

Answer 15

Phase 3 of mitosis. Sister chromosomes pulled apart and halves migrate to opposite poles

Question 16

Telophase

Answer 16

Phase 4 of mitosis. Nuclear membranes form around the two sets of separated chromosomes. Cell begins to divide.