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AP HUG > AP HUG Unit 7 Reverse > Flashcards

AP HUG Unit 7 Reverse Flashcards

1
Q

a set of changes in technology that dramatically increased manufacturing productivity

A

industrial revolution

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2
Q

the development of industries for the machine production of goods

A

industrialization

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3
Q

resource found in nature that is immediately usable by humans. no change is needed

A

natural resources

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4
Q

resource that must be changed to be used by humans

A

raw materials

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5
Q

(more powerful) country conquers and rules over a country

A

colonialism

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6
Q

empire expands into surrounding areas/countries

A

imperialism

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7
Q

extracting natural resources

A

primary sector

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8
Q

processing natural resources

A

secondary sector

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9
Q

providing services

A

tertiary sector

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10
Q

knowledge based. dealing with others’ money. finance, insurance, real estate

A

quaternary sector

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11
Q

highest levels of decision making

A

quinary secotr

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12
Q

point where the mode of transportation carrying a product changes

A

break of bulk points

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13
Q

predicts location of a manufacturing site relative to the location of the resources needed to produce the product and where the final product will be sold

A

least cost location theory

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14
Q

most developed countries

A

core

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15
Q

in between core and periphery in terms of development

A

semi periphery

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16
Q

least developed countries

A

periphery

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17
Q

measures the value of goods and services produced within a country’s borders, by citizens and non-citizens

A

gross domestic product

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18
Q

measures the value of goods and services produced by only a country’s citizens but both domestically and abroad

A

gross national product

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19
Q

the dollar value of a country’s final income in a year, divided by its population

A

gross national income per capita

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20
Q

all economic activities operating within the official legal framework that are paying taxes on all generated incomes

A

formal economy

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21
Q

economic activity that is not subject to government regulation or taxation

A

informal economy

22
Q

a statistical measure of how many people earn or receive various amounts of income

A

income distribution

23
Q

measures. gender equality. not like that’s obvious at all. closer to 0 means most equality

A

gender inequality index

24
Q

the factors that are calculated are the GDP per capita, adult literacy rate, average level of education, and total life expectancy

A

human development index

25
Q

compares a specific indicator (ex. income) between men and women of a particular country

A

gender parity

26
Q

provide small loans to start or expand a business to entrepreneurs who would not normally qualify for credit from traditional sources

A

microloans, microfinance

27
Q

stages: traditional society, pre-condition for take-off, take-off drive to maturity, high mass consumption

A

rostow’s stages of economic growth

28
Q

stages: core, semi-periphery, periphery

A

wallerstein’s world system thoery

29
Q

core countries depend on peripheral contrives for labor and raw materials; peripheral depends on core for goods

A

dependency theory

30
Q

a country is export-commodity-dependent when more than 60% of its exports are made up of commodities

A

commodity dependence

31
Q

contraction and decline of the weight of manufacturing industry within an economy

A

deindustrialization

32
Q

trade is greater if each side has something the other wants or needs

A

complementarity

33
Q

each producer will make what is most cost efficient; ex florida has comparative advantage over michigan for producing oranges

A

comparative advantage

34
Q

policies emphasizing the value of free market (system of economic exchange without taxes, tariffs, etc) competition

A

neoliberal policies

35
Q

a pact between two or more nations to reduce barriers to imports and exports among them

A

free trade agreements

36
Q

tax put on goods as they leave a country

A

tariffs

37
Q

period of extreme stress in global financial markets + banking systems

A

global financial crises

38
Q

turning over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers

A

outsourcing

39
Q

an area in a country that is subject to different economic regulations than other regions within the same country

A

special economic zones

40
Q

offers businesses cash flow advantages by suspending customs import taxes and duties, trade levies, quotas and import controls

A

free trade zones

41
Q

physical spaces within a country where special regulations benefit foreign controlled businesses

A

export processing zones

42
Q

a system of employment in the various economic sectors spread throughout the world

A

international division of labor

43
Q

flexible production; organizes workers into teams that perform a variety of tasks and solve problems through consensus

A

post fordist methods of production

44
Q

allocating more funds to one specific area has impacts on many other industries

A

multiplier effect

45
Q

cost advantages for a company when production becomes efficient

A

economies of scale

46
Q

the spatial grouping of people or activities for mutual benefit

A

agglomeration

47
Q

method of transportation, storage, and delivery that allows businesses to only store what they need for consumers to get quickly

A

just in time delivery

48
Q

industries concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital

A

service sector

49
Q

a place where technology and computer industries agglomerate

A

high technology industry, technopoles, growth poles

50
Q

responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of the local people, and involves interpretation and education

A

ecotourism

AP HUG (14 decks)

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