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AP HUG > AP HUG Unit 4 > Flashcards

AP HUG Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

State

A

A country

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2
Q

Nation

A

A group of people bound together by a cultural identity

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3
Q

Nation-State

A

A state that encompasses a single nation

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4
Q

Stateless Nations

A

A nation that doesn’t have a state of its own

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5
Q

Multi-National States

A

A state that contains many nations within its borders

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6
Q

Multistate Nations

A

A nation that is partially in multiple states

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7
Q

Autonomous Regions

A

An area within a country that has a high level of self-government

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8
Q

Semi-Autonomous Regions

A

a region that has some parts of self-government, but not as much as an autonomous region

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9
Q

City-State

A

A state that is comprised of a city and potentially also some of the surrounding land

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10
Q

Sovereignty

A

A state’s control over its internal and external affairs

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11
Q

Self-Determination

A

The idea the nations should be able to determine their own future

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12
Q

Colonialism

A

The process of conquering a place and extracting wealth from from an area

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13
Q

Imperialism

A

The process of influencing or dominating an area

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14
Q

Independence Movements

A

A group of people advocating for and/or trying to make a separate country

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15
Q

Decolonialization

A

The process of releasing former colonies

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16
Q

Devolution

A

The transfer of power from a central to a local government

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17
Q

Colony

A

An subservient area conquered and controlled by a colonial power

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18
Q

Neocolonialism

A

Exerting influence over an area through indirect means

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19
Q

Satellite States

A

A state dominated by another economically and politically

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20
Q

Shatterbelts

A

An unstable area located in between disparate regions

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21
Q

Choke Points

A

A geographic feature that creates a narrow passage for trade or movement of people

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22
Q

Territoriality

A

A willingness by a person or group of people to defend a claim to an area

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23
Q

Relic Boundary

A

A boundary that no longer exist but still has an impact

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24
Q

Superimposed Boundary

A

A boundary created by outside powers

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25
Q

Subsequent (Ethnographic) Boundary

A

A boundary that lines up religious, ethnic, linguistic, or economic borders

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26
Q

Antecendent Boundary

A

A boundary drawn before the arrival of a large number of people

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27
Q

Militarized Boundary

A

A boundary that has a large military presence

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28
Q

Open Boundary

A

A boundary without crossing restrictions

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29
Q

Geometric Boundary

A

A straight line that doesn’t follow any physical boundaries

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30
Q

Consequent Boundary

A

A border between cultures/cultural traits

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31
Q

Natural Boundary

A

A border based on physical features

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32
Q

Defined Boundary

A

A legally defined border

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33
Q

Delimited Boundary

A

A line on a map

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34
Q

Demarcated Boundary

A

A physical boundary to show the limits of a space

35
Q

Demilitarized Zone

A

A place between countries where military activities are prohibited

36
Q

Berlin Conference

A

A conference that set out the colonial borders in Africa

37
Q

Definitional Boundary Dispute

A

A dispute over the interpretation of legal definition for a border

38
Q

Locational Boundary Dispute

A

A dispute over where a boundary should be

39
Q

Operational Boundary Dispute

A

A dispute over the function of a boundary

40
Q

Allocational Boundary Dispute

A

A dispute over natural resource usage across a boundary

41
Q

UNCLOS

A

The conference that set out the laws about usage of bodies of water

42
Q

Territorial Seas

A

A zone extending up to 12 nmi from a coastline where a country has sovereignty

43
Q

EEZ

A

Exclusive economic zone. A zone extending up to 200 nmi from a coastline where a country has exclusive right to natural resources

44
Q

International Waters

A

Water open to any country without restriction

45
Q

Voting Districts

A

A given area wherein the population elects an official

46
Q

Reappointment

A

Changing the number of representatives for an area due to a change in population

47
Q

Redistricting

A

The redrawing of voting districts to match population

48
Q

Gerrymandering

A

The process of using electoral boundaries to create a more favorable outcome in an election

49
Q

Unitary State

A

A state that has a highly centralized government

50
Q

Federal State

A

A state that has a decentralized government

51
Q

Physical Geographic Factors (relating to devolution)

A

Disparate geography, A separating mountain range

52
Q

Ethnic Separatism

A

The desire for an ethnic group to separate from a state

53
Q

Ethnic Cleansing

A

the process of changing the ethnic makeup of an area to make it more homogeneous

54
Q

Genocide

A

The systematic extermination of a specific ethnic group

55
Q

Terrorism

A

Intentional acts of violence against civilians meant to cause fear and further political goals.

56
Q

Economic Problems (relating to devolution)

A

Differing economic conditions, economic instability

57
Q

Social Problems (relating to devolution)

A

Ethnic differences, civil instability

58
Q

Irredentism

A

This is a process by which a multi-state nation incorporates parts of the nation that aren’t in the state.

59
Q

Devolution

A

the process of a state giving power away to smaller areas within the state, eventually leading to full independence

60
Q

Subnationalism

A

Nationalism for a specific area within a state

61
Q

Balkanization

A

This is the fracturing of a state along ethnic lines

62
Q

Impact of Technology (relating to devolution)

A

Allowing for easier networking of independence movements

63
Q

Democritization

A

The transition from authoritarianism to democracy

64
Q

Supranationalism

A

Multiple countries coming together and giving up some of their power to an IGO in order to gain a benefit

65
Q

Economic Supranationalism

A

Multiple countries coming together and giving up some of their power to an IGO for economic benefit

66
Q

Transnational Cooperations

A

Corporations that do business in multiple countries

67
Q

Economies of Scale

A

The economic benefits for doing business at a larger scale

68
Q

Trade Agreements

A

An international agreement in order to facilitate trade

69
Q

Military Alliances

A

An agreement between countries to help each other out militarily

70
Q

Supranationalism and the Environment

A

Multiple countries coming together to protect the environment

71
Q

UN

A

An organization of (almost) all countries in the world in order to achieve peace and protect human rights

72
Q

NATO

A

A military alliance between the US, Canada, and many European countries

73
Q

EU

A

An organization of European states for economic and political benefit

74
Q

ASEAN

A

An organization of Southeast Asian states for economic and political benefit

75
Q

Arctic Council

A

An organization of Arctic nations in order to resolve issues in the Arctic

76
Q

AU

A

An organization of African states for economic and political benefit

77
Q

Centrifugal Forces

A

Forces that push a state apart

78
Q

Regionalism

A

The belief in regional rather than central governments

79
Q

Uneven Development

A

The process of some areas developing at different rate than others

80
Q

Ethnic Nationalist Movements

A

A nationalist movement for an ethnic group

81
Q

Centripetal Forces

A

Forces that pull a country together

82
Q

Nationalism

A

A feeling of loyalty to a country or nation

83
Q

Economic Development

A

The improvement of an economic situation

84
Q

Cultural Practices

A

Specific practices done by a culture

AP HUG (14 decks)

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