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3rd yr- CSB- summary sheets > occlusion > Flashcards

occlusion Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 2 types of occlusal examinations

A
  1. Basic occlusal exam

2. Comprehensive occlusal exam

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2
Q

What is the basic occlusal exam split into

A

Extra oral exam

Intra oral exam

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3
Q

What do we assess when carrying out the extra oral exam

A
  1. Skeletal pattern
  2. Asymmetry
  3. TMJ
    4, Range of movement
  4. Muscles of mastication
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4
Q

Name the 3 types of skeletal patterns

A

Class 1
Class 2
Class 3

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5
Q

What is class 1 skeletal pattern

A

When the lower jaw is proportional to the upper jaw

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6
Q

What is class 2 skeletal pattern

A

Lower jaw is retruded

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7
Q

What is class 3 skeletal pattern

A

Lower jaw is protruded

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8
Q

When assessing the TMJ what are we doing

A
  1. Trying to locate the condyle

2. Feel/ listen for clicks

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9
Q

When looking at the muscles what do we look at

A
  1. Size
  2. Symmetry
  3. Tenderness
    4, Tonicity
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10
Q

Name the 4 muscles of mastication

A
  1. Masseter
  2. Temporalis
  3. Lateral pterygoid
  4. Medial pterygoid
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11
Q

What do we assess when carrying out the intra oral exam

A
  1. Soft tissues
  2. Teeth
  3. ICP
  4. Overjet and overbite
  5. Centre line shifts & cross bites
  6. RCP
  7. guidance schemes
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12
Q

What do we look at when assessing the soft tissues

A
  1. Sharp cusps on the upper arch
  2. Check for ridging when the patient bites down on the buccal mucosa
  3. Tongue scalloping g
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13
Q

What do we look at when assessing the teeth

A 
Look for:
1. Evidence of wear patterns
2. Fractures
3, Mobility 
4. Drifting 
5. Overeruption
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14
Q

Define overjet

A

Horizontal disgrace between the cusp tips when teeth are in ICP

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15
Q

Define overbite

A

Vertical distance between cusp tops when teeth in in ICP

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16
Q

How do we describe overjets and overbites

A 
In classes:
Class 1
Class 2 devision 1 
Class 2 Devision 2 
Class 3
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17
Q

What is a class 1 overjet

A

A positive over jet that is less than 3mm

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18
Q

What is a Class 2 devision 1 overjet

A

An increased overjet

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19
Q

What is a Class 2 devision 2 overjet

A

A normal overjet but increased over bite

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20
Q

What is a class 3 overjet

A

Edge to edge or reverse overjet

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21
Q

Define centre line shift

A

When the upper frenum is not in line with the lower frenulum

22
Q

Define cross bite

A

When one or multiple teeth are out of normal ICP relationship

23
Q

If a patient doesn’t have a stable ICP what MUST we record

A

The RCP

24
Q

Name the 2 types of occlusal guidance

A
  1. Canine guidance

2. Group function

25
Q

What is cracked cusp syndrome

A

Pain on releasing on biting that is very well localised

26
Q

Talk through the stages of cracked tooth syndrome

A
  1. Occlusal loading of a cusp associated with a crack opens the crack (microcracks)
  2. Crack fills with fluid
  3. Release of occlusal loading causing crack to rapidly close
  4. Some fluid is expelled to surface of tooth
  5. Some fluid is forced into D tubules leading to pulp stimulation & pain on release
27
Q

What does tooth sleuth do

A

It islets individual cusp so that we can investigate them for cracked

28
Q

How can we treat cracked tooth syndrome

A
  1. Desensitise area with fluoride varnish/ tubule occlusion with bonding agents
  2. Remove cracked portion of the tooth and place direct restoration
  3. , Place indirect restoration
29
Q

What is confirmative treatment

A

No restoration should affect how teeth meet in ICP

30
Q

Which muscle aids opening of the jaw

A

The digastric muscle

31
Q

What is the digastric muscle made up of

A

Anterior and posterior belly

32
Q

How does the digastric muscle work

A

It depresses and draws the mandible back as it opens

The digastric muscle then elevates the hyoid bone which is used in swallowing and speech

33
Q

Name the 2 parts of jaw benign

A

Rotation and translation

34
Q

Talk through the stages of lateral movement

A
  1. Immediate side shift

2. Progressive side shift

35
Q

List the function of articulators

A
  1. To mimic a patients jaw movements
  2. To allow examination of the occlusion (ICP, RCP, 3. Protrusive and lateral movements)
  3. To allow fabrication of restorations (Crowns, bridges, dentures, splints)
  4. To investigate proposed changes to the occlusion (change from CG to GF)
36
Q

Name the 4 types of articulators

A
  1. Simple hinge
  2. Average valve
  3. Semi adjustable
  4. Full adjustable
37
Q

What does a simple hinge articulate mimic

A

Opening and closing the mouth by rotation only

38
Q

When is it useful to use a simple hinge articulator

A

Useful in seeing if what you’ve made is too high in ICP

39
Q

What does an average valve articulator mimic

A

Allows fro lateral excursion and protrusion

40
Q

What are the average distances on a average value articulator

A

110 mm between condyles
100 mm from condyle to incisal edge
Condylar guidance angle = 30degrees

41
Q

What can a semi adjustable articular replicate

A

ICP, RCP, Lateral movements and position of hinge axis (relationship of condyle)

42
Q

What must be used alongside a semi adjustable articulator

A

FACE BOW

43
Q

What do face bows record

A

Used to record the position on the hinge axis

44
Q

How are face bows used

A

They go into the ear and extend to the top of the teeth

45
Q

What can a FULLY adjustable articular replicate

A

Can replicate Position of hinge axis (which can’t be measure on a patient) (& all of above)
We can adjust: surfaces of the glenoid fossa Intercondylar width, Progressive SS, condylar

46
Q

If we are only interested in ICP which articular should we use

A

Simple hinge

47
Q

If we are only interested in making a denture which articular should we use

A

Average valve

48
Q

If we are worried about lateral and protrusive interferes which articulator should we use

A

Semi adjustable with a face bow

49
Q

What can go wrong if we down take occlusion into consideration when carrying out treatment

A
  1. Fractured teeth
  2. Premature contacts (interferences)
  3. Lateral forces on posterior teeth
  4. Strong forces on weak teeth
50
Q

What is an interfere

A

A heavy tooth contact tray prevents the jaw moving in its intended path

51
Q

How might a patient describe an ICP interference

A

Might feel “high” to the patient

3rd yr- CSB- summary sheets (6 decks)

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