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Veterinary nursing book > Genetics & Breeding > Flashcards

Genetics & Breeding Flashcards

1
Q

Haploid & diploid?

A

Haploid & diploid?

.Haploid - ovum and sperm come together in fertilization forming a diploid.

.Diploid - sperm & ovum at fertilisation results in a zygote with the normal diploid number of chromosomes.

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2
Q

Mitosis & meiosis?

A

Mitosis & meiosis?

.Mitosis - division of somatic cells

.Meiosis - the production of gametes (ovum & sperm)

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3
Q

DNA molecule?

A

DNA molecule?

.Consists of a double helix made of up two complementary chains of nucleotides composed of phosphoric acid, deoxyribose and four nitrogenous bases.

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4
Q

Genotype?

A

Genotype?

.The genetic makeup of an animal.

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5
Q

Phenotype?

A

Phenotype?

.The outward appearance of an animal

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6
Q

Genes?

A

Genes?

.Are molecules within cell neclei that control the development, structure, function and maintenance of living organisms.

.Involved in cell division and in manufacturing antibodies, cancers and some immune disorders have a genetic basis.

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7
Q

DNA?

A

DNA?

.Stores the information

.Is found in a thread like mass known as chromatin

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8
Q

Histones?

A

Histones?

.Are alkaline proteins found in the cell nuclei which package DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.

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9
Q

Chromatin?

A

Chromatin?

.Shortens and coils into rod-like bodies, forming chromosomes.

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10
Q

Mammals?

A

Mammals?

.Two X chromosomes in females and one X & Y in males.

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11
Q

Cell cycle phases?

A

Cell cycle phases?

.Interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis for somatic cells.

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12
Q

Meiosis?

A

Meiosis?

.During meiosis the chromosome complement is halved

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13
Q

Cat chromosomes?

A

Cat chromosomes?

.19 haploid

.38 diploid

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14
Q

Dog chromosomes?

A

Dog chromosomes?

.39 haploid

.78 diploid

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15
Q

Proteins?

A

Proteins are?

.Are the working component of the cell.

.Contain 20 different organic compounds (amino acids).

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16
Q

RNA?

A

RNA?

.Carries out instructions encoded in DNA and synthesises the proteins involved in cellular function.

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17
Q

Epigenetic?

A

Epigenetic?

.Around cells

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18
Q

Chromosomal defects?

A

Chromosomal defects?

.Result in still birth and miscarry

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19
Q

Tortoiseshell cats?

A

Tortoiseshell cats?

.Have an extra chromosome (X)

.Are mostly female

20
Q

Pollution or radiation?

A

Pollution or radiation?

.May indicate breaks in chromosomes, resulting in macromutations.

21
Q

Progressive retinal atrophy?

A

Progressive retinal atrophy?

.Normally inherited

22
Q

Hip dysplasia?

A

Hip dysplasia?

.A abnormal formation of the ball & socket (hip joint).

.The head of the femur does not fit into the socket and the joint does not rotate smoothly and results in arthritis.

23
Q

Polycystic kidney disorder?

A

Polycystic kidney disorder?

.A large number of fluid-filled cysts form within the kidneys.

.The cysts are present at birth but increase in size until they damage the surrounding kidney tissue and causes kidney failure (fatal).

24
Q

Ginger cats?

A

Ginger cats?

.Are mostly male

25
Q

White cats?

A

White cats?

.Congenital deafness is seen in mainly white cats

26
Q

New owner of pedigree kitten should receive?

A

New owner of pedigree kitten should receive?

.Receipt

.Four-generation pedigree

.A carticate of kitten registration

.Transfer of ownership with a suitable body

.Vaccination card & wormer proof

27
Q

Cat female maturity?

A

Cat female maturity?

.Between 5 & 12 months old

.Should be 1 year old before mating

.Should only have 2 litters every 18 months

.Only be breed up to 5 years

.Oestrous cycle last from 3-10 days

28
Q

Cat male maturity?

A

Cat male maturity?

.Mature at about 10 months old

29
Q

Queen pregnancy check?

A

Queen pregnancy check?

.Ultrasound can be used from 15 days

30
Q

Queen parturition?

A

Queen parturition?

.Leave alone or minimal attention

.Queen drops temp to 37°c before labour

.Queen eats the placenta

31
Q

Queen After parturition?

A

Queen after parturition?

.After 3 days of birth a queen will accept handling of kitten.

.Queen will lick kittens urogenital area to stimulate them to pass urine and faeces.

.Kittens open their eyes between 8 & 10 days and cords fall off between 3-6 days.

32
Q

Kitten weaning?

A

Kitten weaning?

.Wean by 6 weeks, as soon as eating should be given a litter tray.

.They will play in the litter at first and then use for intended use.

33
Q

Hand-rearing kittens?

A

Hand-rearing kittens?

.Keep warm, dry and clean

.Feed every 2 hours in the day & at night for 3 weeks using kitten milk.

.Sterilise feeding equipment

.Rub their anal and vulva regions gently with damp, warm cotton wool, so they can urinate & defecate.

34
Q

Kitten vaccinations?

A

Kitten vaccinations?

.First at 9 weeks

.Second at 12 weeks

.Vaccine for Fl panleucopenia (enteritis), cat flu & Fl leukaemia virus

35
Q

Kitten worming?

A

Kitten worming?

.Worm at 1 month old and every month until 6 months of age then every 3 months.

36
Q

Bitch?

A

Bitch?

.Will come into season every 6 months. Large breeds every 8-10 months or even 12 months.

37
Q

Heat (oestrus)?

A

Heat (oestrus)?

.Lasts one week and signs are vaginal bleeding & swelling.

38
Q

Bitch pregnancy?

A

Bitch pregnancy?

.Last 63 days/ 9 weeks

.24 hours before birth a drop in temp and 2 hours before birth green & black discharge

.During labour dog may refuse food, pant and even vomit and during of a puppy she may shiver

.Mum may eat the placenta and can go several hours between puppies

.

39
Q

Dangerous parturition?

A

Dangerous parturition?

.Allowing the mum to have continued contractions for a prolonged period without producing a pup and needs a vet.

40
Q

Dystocia?

A

Dystocia?

.Difficult whelping

41
Q

Inertia?

A

Inertia?

.Uterus failing to contract effectively and prolonged straining.

42
Q

Breech birth?

A

Breech birth?

.When tail comes first

43
Q

Resuscitationing a puppy?

A

Resuscitationing a puppy?

.Never give up

44
Q

Puppy temperature?

A

Puppy temperature?

.Puppies cannot regulate their temperature

.Keep room at 23.8°c for the first few days

45
Q

Puppies are?

A

Puppies are?

.Deaf & blind but are developed within 2 weeks and open their eyes on the 10th day

Veterinary nursing book (19 decks)

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