Claw and Hammer Toes

Question 1

Pathogenesis of claw toes/toe positions?

Answer 1

• Hyperextension at MTPJ
• Hyperflexion at PIPJ
• Hyperflexion at DIPJ

Question 2

Pathogenesis of hammer toe positions?

Answer 2

• Hyperextension at the MTPJ
• Hyperflexion at the PIPJ
• Hyperextension at the DIPJ

Question 3

Pathogenesis/toe positions in mallet toes?

Answer 3

Hyperflexion at DIPJ

Question 4

Pathogenesis/toe position of curly toe?

Answer 4

Hyperflexion at PIPJ

Hyperflexion at DIPJ

Question 5

Signs/symptoms of claw & hammer toes?

Answer 5

• Can be painful

- Can rub on footwear: corns and skin breakdown

Question 6

Treatment of claw & hammer toes?

Answer 6

• Toe sleeves and corn plasters can prevent skin problems
• Tenotomy: division of an overactive tendon
• Tendon transfer
• Arthrodesis (PIPJ)
• Toe amputation