Final exam

Question 1

concept of development

Answer 1

development is life long and influenced by education, occupation, income, culture, ethnicity, and gender.

Question 2

lifespan perspective

Answer 2

life long, multidirectional, multidimensional, multidisciplinary, characterized by brain plasticity, and multicontextual.

Question 3

life expectancy

Answer 3

predicted number of years a species will live

Question 4

life span

Answer 4

womb to tomb- how long a species can live

Question 5

historical theory of development: preformationism

Answer 5

children were believed to posses all their sensory, emotional, and mental capabilities at birth. And the unfolded over time with no involvement from the environment.

Question 6

historical theory of development: Locke

Answer 6

children are blank slates and their environment is very important

Question 7

historical theory of development: Rousseau

Answer 7

children should think freely and will develop naturally

Question 8

historical theory of development: Freud

Answer 8

what children experience affects their adulthood. children are driven by instinct

Question 9

longitudinal research

Answer 9

examine changes over time

Question 10

cross sectional research

Answer 10

examine changes of different ages at the same time (how war affects elderly vs teens)

Question 11

sequential research

Answer 11

involves both longitudinal and cross sectional

Question 12

ericksons stages of development

Answer 12

trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame and guilt, initiative vs guilt, industry vs inferiority, identity vs role confusion, intimacy vs isolation, generativity vs stagnation

Question 13

fertilization

Answer 13

ovulation, sperm through fallopian tube, penetrate egg, make zygote

Question 14

pregnancy stage: germinal

Answer 14

first stage. This has to occur for pregnancy and lasts 1 to 14 days

Question 15

pregnancy stage: embryonic

Answer 15

second stage. lasts 3 to 8 weeks. major organs are constructed

Question 16

pregnancy stage: fetal

Answer 16

third, final, and longest stage. weeks 9 until birth. genitalia is developed, light and sound sensitivity, reflexes, sleep cycles, pain perception, weight gain, prepare for birth

Question 17

first stage of child birth

Answer 17

longest- contractions begin about thirty minutes apart. labor begins when water breaks.

Question 18

second stage of child birth

Answer 18

less than an hour. baby is pushed out

Question 19

third stage

Answer 19

shortest- expulsion of placenta

Question 20

chromosomal disorders

Answer 20

if you inherit too many or few chromosomes. more likely from the mother. down syndrome, turner syndrome (generally affects women. xo instead of xx. may not be able to reproduce.), klinefelter syndrome (generally affects men. extra x chromosome. inhibits development of male genitalia.)

Question 21

chromosomes

Answer 21

XY- male XX- female

Question 22

myelin

Answer 22

fatty coating around the axon. myelin is insulation for the axons. The more myelin you have the better you think and see.

Question 23

dendrites

Answer 23

short and bushy, they receive and take information.

Question 24

axons

Answer 24

long- can extend several feet in the body, good for passing information

Question 25

Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development

Answer 25

culture has a major impact on a child’s cognitive
development. He believed that the social interactions with adults and more learned peers can facilitate a child’s potential for learning.

Question 26

authoritarian

Answer 26

commanding. do it because i said so

Question 27

authortative

Answer 27

good communication and reasoning, well adjusted children

Question 28

uninvolved

Answer 28

disengaged

Question 29

permissive

Answer 29

no rules

Question 30

personal fable

Answer 30

teens feel unique and special

Question 31

egocentrism

Answer 31

teens feel like they are in the spot light

Question 32

Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

Answer 32

Level One-Preconventional Morality, Level Two-Conventional Morality, Level Three-Postconventional Morality

Question 33

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 33

phase 1: alarm, phase 2: resistance, phase 3: adaptation

Question 34

body changes of aging

Answer 34

heart muscles thicken, lung capacity diminishes, loss of lean tissue, loss of cells from muscles, liver, kidney, and other organs. Gain body fat.