treatment of BLEEDING

Question 1

drugs included in this group:

Answer 1

1. aminocaproic acid
2. protamine sulfate
3. phytonadione (vit. K)

(4. tranexamic acid → only used in the USA, serious side effects)

Question 2

mechanism of action:

Answer 2

1. aminocaproic acid → completely block plasminogen activation
2. protamine sulfate → antagonize the anticoagulant effect of heparin = HEPARIN ANTIDOTE
3. phytonadione (vit. K) → used as ANTIDOTE in inhibition of warfarin therapy → ORAL/PARENTERAL

Question 3

side effects:

Answer 3

1. muscle necrosis
2. thrombosis
3. CVA (cerebrovascular accident)
4. seizures
5. hypersensitivity → skin reactions, anaphylaxis
6. dyspnea, flushing, hypotension, bradycardia