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CELS191 > Microbes & Energy Flow > Flashcards

Microbes & Energy Flow Flashcards

1
Q

How many microbes are cultured and characterised?

A

tens of thousands

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2
Q

What has been identified by pure cultures?

A

Mostly pathogens or fast growing organisms

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3
Q

What does pure cultures ignore?

A

Complex interactions and the fact that most organisms live in communities

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4
Q

What many prokaryotes are on the planet?

A

9.2-31.7x10^29

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5
Q

What portion of the biomass do prokaryotes make up?

A

20-50%

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6
Q

Most organisms…

A

cannot or have not been isolated in pure culture

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7
Q

What is identification now done using?

A

Genetic fingerprints

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8
Q

What is currently available in databases?

A

Millions of unique 16S rRNA sequences (molecular barcode)

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9
Q

What are majority of the genes in the database?

A

From uncultivated bacteria (of unknown function)

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10
Q

what is the uncultured microbial world?

A

Far greater than the cultured world

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11
Q

How are populations formed?

A

When individual microbial cells of the same species proliferate (grow)

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12
Q

How are communities formed?

A

Populations of different species interacting and communicating

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13
Q

What is microbial ecology?

A

The study of the interrelationships among micro-organism and their environment

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14
Q

What gave rise to the term microbiome?

A

Molecular tools

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15
Q

What is microbiome?

A

All microorganisms, and their genes, within a particular environment

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16
Q

What does breaking a compound result in?

A

Harvesting of building blocks and energy

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17
Q

What would happen when building a compound?

A

energy would be needed to create a bond and a building block would also be needed to attach to the bond

18
Q

What is the basis of energy transfer in cells?

A

Redox reactions

19
Q

What is there for every action?

A

An equal and opposite reaction (example= for every oxidation there is a reduction)

20
Q

What happens with energy from an oxidation?

A

It is shuttled through an intermediate (NADH/NADPH) and then used to make carbohydrates

21
Q

What are autotrophs?

A

Primary producers which are self sufficient and do not require carbon

22
Q

What do autotrophs do?

A

Fix CO2

23
Q

What are heterotrophs?

A

Decomposers which are dependent on primary producers

24
Q

What do heterotrophs do?

A

Need fixed carbon, cannot use CO2 directly

25
Q

What process requires energy?

A

Carbon»>Macromolecules»>Cells

26
Q

What do chemotrophs do?

A

Use energy from inorganic or organic compounds (electron donors)

27
Q

What are organic compounds?

A

Carbon compounds

28
Q

What are inorganic compounds?

A

Non-carbon compouns

29
Q

What do phototrophs do?

A

Use solar energy from sunlight

30
Q

What are the two types of photosynthesis (phosphorylation)?

A

Cyclic (anoxygenic) and non-cyclic (oxygenic)

31
Q

What happens in non-cyclic phosphorylation?

A

Electrons flow from H2O»>Photosystem 1»>Photosystem 2»>NADP+

32
Q

What is generated from non-cyclic phosphorylation?

A

Oxygen, ATP and NADPH

33
Q

What happens in Cyclic Phosphorylation?

A

Photosystem 1 can work in the absence of Photosystem 2. There is no splitting of water or reducing of NADP+

34
Q

What is generated from cyclic phosphorylation?

A

ATP but no oxygen

35
Q

What is similar between cyclic and non-cyclic phosphorylation?

A

Both processes use light for energy and fix carbon

36
Q

What is different between cyclic and non-cyclic phosphorylation?

A

Only one generates oxygen

37
Q

How do many different microbes in the same environment avoid competition?

A

They specialise so that they are slightly different to each other

38
Q

What is an example of microbes specialising?

A

So that all of the microbes get light, the photosynthetic pigments have different absorption spectra

39
Q

What is a common resource?

A

Light

40
Q

What is done to avoid competition of light?

A

Microbes tuning their antenna to different wavelengths

CELS191 (23 decks)

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