101 FUEL TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS

Question 1

101. 1 Discuss the most common fuels used in the PACFLT AOR.
     a. F-76 (DFM)
     b. MOGAS
     c. JP-5
     d. JP-8

Answer 1

A. F-76 (DFM) – Distillate Fuel Marine or Diesel Fuel Marine (DFM is the primary naval distillate fuel used in high and medium speed compression ignition engines

B. MOGAS - Motor Gasoline is Automotive gasoline used in spark ignition engines (not used on ships, nor in military vehicles)

C. Jet Propellant 5 (JP-5) is the Navy’s primary aviation fuel. Kerosene based

D. Jet Propellant 8 (JP-8) is the primary fuel for military ground vehicles and shore-based aviation. It is the single fuel on the battlefield used by the Army and Air Force. Kerosene based

Question 2

101. 2 Explain the similarities and differences between JP-5 and JP-8.
     a. Flashpoint
     b. End users for each fuel
     c. Safety considerations
     d. Potential interoperability
     e. Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII)

Answer 2

A .Flash Point – Per the applicable military standards JP-5 has a flash point of not less than 140F, JP-8 flash point is about 100F

B.JP-8 is used in shore based operations. JP-5 is used in sea based operations

C. Safety Considerations – Because of the lower flash point JP-8 is not used aboard ships nor can it be defueled into JP-5 fuel storage tanks

D. All naval aircraft that operate on JP-5 can use JP-8. However, JP-8 cannot be stored onboard ships in bulk.

E. Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII) - additive S-1745 reduces the freezing point of water precipitated from the fuel due to cooling at high altitudes

Question 3

101.3 Discuss gasoline and diesel fuel requirements in the PACFLT AOR.

Answer 3

MOGAS has very limited use/requirements at the operational level of war. The only use is for executive transportation, and other governmental vehicles.

Most military vehicles use JP-8/F-24/JP-5 Biggest users are SEABEEs, cargo handlers and special operations. DFSPs hold limited amounts of these fuels

Question 4

101. 4 Explain the following petroleum units of measure and their applicability:
     a. Gallons and barrels
     b. MBBL (Mike Barrels)

Answer 4

A. Gallons and barrels – Both gallons (gal) and barrels (bbl) are used to measure fuel requirements. A barrel is 42 gallons. A “drum” is used as a method of delivery – mostly for lubricants and hydraulic fluids. A drum is 55 gallons.

B. MBBL (Mike Barrels) – Mbbl (one thousand barrels). MMbbl (one million barrels). The “M” comes from the Roman numeral “M” meaning 1,000.