101 MARINE CORPS HISTORY, RANK STRUCTURE AND COURTESIES FUNDAMENTALS Flashcards
(85 cards)
What event marked the creation of the Marine Corps?
On 10 November 1775, a Continental Congress resolution raised two battalions of Marines at Tun Tavern in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Who was the first Commandant of the Marine Corps?
Captain Samuel Nicholas, appointed commander of the two battalions in 1775 and traditionally considered the first Commandant.
What was the first Marine landing in the Revolutionary War?
On 13 March 1776, an invasion of New Providence Island in the Bahamas, seizing guns and supplies.
Why are Marines called “Leathernecks”?
From 1776, their uniform had a stiff leather stock worn around the neck.
What action did Marines take at Derna in 1805?
On 27 April 1805, stormed the Barbary pirates’ stronghold on the “Shores of Tripoli,” raising the “Stars and Stripes” for the first time in the Eastern Hemisphere.
Which department took oversight of the Marines in 1834?
The Department of the Navy.
What act defined the Marine Corps’ present structure?
The National Security Act of 1947, amended in 1952.
Where did Marines fight in the Mexican War?
At the Battle of Chapultepec in Mexico City in September 1847.
What did Marines occupy during the Battle of Chapultepec?
The “Halls of Montezuma,” with the royal palace falling to them as among the first U.S. troops in the capital.
What additional region did Marines help take in 1847?
California.
Who led Marines against John Brown at Harper’s Ferry?
Colonel Robert E. Lee, U.S. Army, on 18 October 1859, storming the U.S. arsenal to put down an attempted slave revolt led by abolitionist John Brown.
What emblem was adopted by the Marine Corps in 1868?
An eagle, globe, and anchor, modified by Brigadier General Jacob Zeilin, 7th Commandant, from the British Royal Marine emblem to signify the nation, worldwide service, and sea traditions.
What is the official Marine Corps motto?
“Semper Fidelis,” Latin for “Always Faithful,” adopted in 1883, often abbreviated “Semper Fi.”
What did Marines protect during the Boxer Rebellion?
In 1900, the American Legation in Peking, China as part of a multinational force until a relief force ended the rebellion.
Who was the first Marine Aviator?
First Lieutenant Alfred Cunningham on 1 November 1912.
What intervention did Major Smedley Butler lead in 1912?
Led Marines ashore in Nicaragua.
What decoration did the 5th and 6th Marines earn in WWI?
The French Fourragere, still worn by them, among other awards.
What restructured the Marine Corps with the Navy in 1933?
The Fleet Marine Force, with the Marine Corps Equipment Board at Quantico, Virginia for testing landing operation materials.
Where did Marines deploy in 1965 for combat operations?
In South Vietnam, conducting large-scale offensives and a pacification program.
Where did Marines deploy in 1965 to protect U.S. citizens?
In the Dominican Republic, evacuating and protecting U.S. citizens during an attempted coup, forming the core of a multinational force.
Why were Marines sent to Lebanon in 1982?
As part of a multinational peacekeeping force to restore peace and order, displaying the “Force in Readiness” concept.
What attack occurred in Lebanon?
On 23 October 1983, a suicide truck bomb killed 241 Americans and wounded 70 at their headquarters, with the last unit withdrawing in July 1984.
What led to Operation Desert Storm?
In January 1991, after Iraq defied UN resolutions, Marine aviation led the air phase, followed by ground forces liberating Kuwait and damaging Iraqi military capability.
What triggered Operation Enduring Freedom in 2001?
On 7 October 2001, U.S. and British airstrikes began in Afghanistan after the Taliban refused to surrender Osama bin Laden following the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon.
