10.1: Species and Taxonomy

Question 1

What is meant by a species

Answer 1

Members of a species are capable of breeding to produce living, fertile offspring.

Question 2

How are species named

Answer 2

First name = Generic Name (Upper case letter at start)

Second name = Specific Name (All lower case)

Question 3

What is the generic name

Answer 3

The generic name denotes the genus to which the organism belongs. Equivalent of surname

Question 4

What is the specific name

Answer 4

The specific name denotes the species to which the organism belongs. Equivalent of first name - not shared with any others of the same genus

Question 5

Example of the name of a species

Answer 5

Felix sp

Felix = genus, sp = unknown species

Question 6

What is used when the specific name isnt known

Answer 6

‘sp’

Question 7

Why to members of the same species resemble one another physically and biochemically

Answer 7

They have the same genes therefore they resemble one another

Question 8

What is the importance of resemblance within a species

Answer 8

It allows members of a species to distinguish one another from others of other species

Question 9

How does behaviour play a role in identifying members of the same species

Answer 9

Members of the same species will have a behaviour more alike than that of members of a different species

Members of a species can therefore identify one another by the way in which they act

Question 10

What is important in the survival of a species

Answer 10

Courtship and mating

Question 11

What factors of a species are genetically determined

Answer 11

Courtship behaviour

Biochemical signature

Physical features

Question 12

What does courtship behaviour allow individuals to do

Answer 12

1. Recognise members of the same species
2. Identify a mate capable of breeding
3. Form a pair bond - successful mating and raising of offspring
4. Synchronise mating - maximum probability of the sperm and egg meeting
5. Become able to breed - physiological state

Question 13

How is courtship behaviour used by males

Answer 13

To determine whether a female is at the receptive stage. If the female responds in an appropriate way - it is likely that courtship will continue and reproduction occurs

Question 14

How does courtship occur

Answer 14

Animals use signals to communicate with a potential mate.

There is a chain of actions between the male and female

Question 15

What is the difference in courtship behaviour between members of two different species

Answer 15

Both members of two different species undergo courtship by a different chain of actions

Question 16

What is classification

Answer 16

The grouping together of organisms

Question 17

What is taxonomy

Answer 17

The practice of biological classification

Question 18

What are the two types of biological classification

Answer 18

Artificial classification

Phylogenetic classification

Question 19

What is artificial classification

Answer 19

The division of organisms according to differences that are useful at the time.

e.g. Colour, size, leaf shape etc.

Features have the same function but do not have the same evolutionary origins

Question 20

What is phylogentic classification

Answer 20

1. Based upon the evolutionary relationships between organisms and their ancestors
2. Classifies species into groups using shared features derived from their ancestors
3. Arranges the groups into a composite groups with no overlap

Question 21

What are homologous characteristics

Answer 21

Characteristics with similar evolutionary origins, regardless of their functions in the adult of a species

e.g. horses front leg, our arms, birds wings

Question 22

What are the 3 domains

Answer 22

Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea

Question 23

What are bacteria

Answer 23

Single-celled prokaryotes

1. No membrane bound organelles e.g. nuclei, mitochondria
2. Unicellular
3. Smaller 70s Ribosomes
4. Cell walls made of murein
5. Single loop of naked DNA with no histones

Question 24

What are Archaea

Answer 24

Single celled-prokaryotes

1. Genes and protein synthesis more similar to eukaryotes
2. Membranes contain fatty acid and glycerol connected by Ether bridges
3. No murein
4. More complex RNA polymerase

Question 25

What are Eukarya

Answer 25

Group of organism made up of one or more eukaryotic cells

1. Contain membrane bound organelles
2. Membranes contain fatty acid and glycerol connected by Ester bridges
3. Cells walls arent murein
4. Larger Ribosomes (80s)

Question 26

4 kingdoms of Eukarya

Answer 26

Protoctista

Fungi

Animalia

Plantae

Question 27

Classifcation order

Answer 27

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Question 28

Acronym to remmeber the hierachy

Answer 28

Dirty King Prawn Curry Or Fat Greasy Sausages

Question 29

How to tell how closely related two individuals are from taxonomic ranks

Answer 29

The closer together the branches, the closer the evolutionary relationship