5.1: Defence Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

Main Defence Mechanisms

A
  • Physical barriers (Mucus, Skin, Earwax)
  • General and immediate (Skin forming to prevent infection) - Scabs
  • Specific and long-lasting, involve lymphocytes

Cell-Mediated responses = T-Lymphocytes
Humoral responses = B-Lymphocytes

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2
Q

How do Lymphocytes distinguish the body’s own cells

A

Each cell (self or non-self) have specific proteins that identify it. These molecules can be a variety of types due to Proteins having an enormous variety and a specific Tertiary Structure.

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3
Q

What type of things do protein molecules allow the immune system to identify

A

Pathogens - E.G, HIV

Non-Self material - such as cells from other organisms of the same species

Toxins - Such as those produced by certain pathogens like Cholera bacterium

Abnormal body cells - such as Cancer Cells

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4
Q

How do Lymphocytes recognise cells belonging to the body

A

There are over 10 million different lymphocytes present at any time. Each capable of identifying different chemical shape.

In the fetus, these lymphocytes constantly collide with other cells

Lymphocytes will constantly collide with the bodys own material. If they have receptors which fit to the own body’s cells then they are killed

The only remaining lymphocytes are those that fit foreign material, and therefore only respond to foreign material.

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5
Q

What response are each lymphocyte involved in

A

T lymphocytes - Cell-Mediated Response

B lymphocytes - Humoral Response

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6
Q

Difference between a specific and non-specific response

A

Specific - the response is immediate and the same for all pathogens

Non-specific - the response is sower and specific to each pathogen

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