Sacrum

Question 1

Know the typical number of sacral vertebra

Answer 1

5

Question 2

Which is the most cranial sacral vertebra that is readily palpable?

Answer 2

S2

Question 3

Know the number of joints on the cranial sacrum and name them.

Answer 3

7,
•	2 cranial articular facets
•	1 vertebral body
•	2 intertransverse joints
•	2 sacroiliac joints

Question 4

Describe the dorsal sacroiliac ligament, which other ligament is similar in form?

Answer 4

Very similar to nuchal ligament – has a funicular part that runs from the DSPs of sacrum to tuber sacrale. Also has a membranous part that fans out from the lateral sacrum to join the sacrosciatic ligament.

Question 5

Describe the ventral sacroiliac ligament and its function.

Answer 5

Radiates out from the articular circumference of the sacrum to the ilium.

Question 6

Know the function of the sacrosciatic ligament

Answer 6

Resists rotation of the pelvis with help of the psoas

Question 7

Know the three axes of rotation of the sacrum.

Answer 7

1. Transverse
2. Left craniocaudal oblique
3. Right craniocaudal oblique

Question 8

The sacrum rotates around 3 axes to create the possibility of 6 restrictions. Name them.

Answer 8

1. Bilateral base ventral
2. Bilateral base dorsal
3. Sacrum LL
4. Sacrum LR
5. Sacrum RR
6. Sacrum RL

Question 9

Describe the manipulations used to correct a bilateral base ventral

Answer 9

Ground, Tail down, head down, horse back

Question 10

Describe the manipulations used to correct a bilateral base dorsal

Answer 10

Bale, Tail up, head up, horse forward

Question 11

Describe the manipulation used to correct an LL

Answer 11

Ground, Tail down to the left, head down to the right, horse back

Question 12

Describe the manipulation used to correct an LR

Answer 12

Bale on left side of horse, Tail up to the left, head up to the right, elbow on right side, horse forward

Question 13

Describe the manipulation used to correct an RR

Answer 13

Ground, Tail down to the right, head down to the left, horse back

Question 14

Describe the manipulation used to correct an RL

Answer 14

Bale on right side of horse, Tail up to the right, head up to the left, elbow on left side, horse forward

Question 15

Know the possible restrictions of the sacral apex and the corrections.

Answer 15

Left and right

HVLA same as palpation but straight LOD from shoulder to apex (arm parallel to ground)