Sleep Apnoea Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of apnoea

A

Cessation of airflow for 10+ seconds

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2
Q

Central apnoea

A

Respiratory control centre - no resp effort

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3
Q

Obstructive sleep apnoea

A

Collapse of pharyngeal airway during sleep

OSA: 5 or more obstructive apnoeas/hour

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4
Q

Hypopnoea

A

Decrease in airflow by 50% accompanied by desaturation of 4% arousal from sleep

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5
Q

Risk factors

A

Male, obese, 43 cm neck circumference, family history, smoking, alcohol, sedative use, craniofacial/pharyngeal abnormalities, sleeping supine

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6
Q

What is it associated with

A
Increased soft tissue
Enlarged tonsils
Pharynx - resistance/tone/caliber
Abnormal chin
Nasal pathology
Normal tongue relaxation
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7
Q

Pathology

A

Sleep -> relaxation of muscles around pharyngeal airway -> collapse/obstruction of airway -> apnoea -> arousal -> muscle tone returns -> resumption of breathing

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8
Q

Clinical features

A

Snoring, nocturnal choking, restless sleep, dry mouth, headaches, sleepiness, nocturnia

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9
Q

Complications

A

Cor pulmonale
Secondary respiratory disease
Secondary polycythaemia

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10
Q

Investigation

A

Epworth sleepiness scale and sleep studies

Nocturnal oximetry

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11
Q

Diagnosis

A

Apnoeas + hypopnoeas/total sleep (hr)
Mild: 5-14 per hour
Moderate 15-30
Severe 30+

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12
Q

Management

A
Resolve signs and symptoms
Normalise AHI and oxyhaemoglobin sats levels
Behaviour change
Mandibular advancement devices
Surgery
Continuous positive airway pressure
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