Introduction to Circulation

Question 1

Functions of circulation

Answer 1

carrying O2/nutrients and removing waste
homoestasis via kidneys
distribution of hormones
temperature regulation 
defence against infections

Question 2

1) pulmonary circulation

2) systemic circulation

Answer 2

1) right v, crescent X section, low pressure/resistance, high flow
2) left v, circular X section, high pressure, variable flow/resistance

Question 3

Blood volume set by kidneys

Answer 3

Na and H2O central to volume setting

Blood pressure determined by balance between circulating blood volume and circulatory capacity

Question 4

Ischaemia

Answer 4

Insufficient blood flow to a region

Due to vessel clog/constriction, or insufficient blood volume, or insufficient pressure generation by heart

Question 5

Angina Pectoris

Answer 5

Due to overexertion of damaged heart tissue (resulting from ischaemia of heart tissue due to obstruction/spasm of coronary artery
May be caused by CAD/embolism
Treat with nitrates

Question 6

Myocardial Infarction

Answer 6

Death of one region in the heart - occlusion of CA
sudden, crushing chest pain
treat: immediate reperfusion - morphine, oxygen, nitrates, aspirin
Can cause heart failure later down the line

Question 7

Syncope

Answer 7

Loss of consciousness due to insufficient blood flow to the brain
Often caused by heart malfunctions - shock/arrhythmia