unknown anatomy 103 Flashcards
(38 cards)
Layers of the pericardium
Fibrous and serous (parietal and visceral form serous)
What forms the lateral border of all mediastinum
Mediastinal pleura
Atypical/floating/false ribs
Atypical: 1,2,10,11,12
Floating: 11 and 12
False rise: 8,9,10,11,12 (not attached to sternum
What forms the hemiazygos vein
Lumbar and left subcostal veins joining together
Intercostal veins 9, 10 and 11 join hemiazygos vein
What forms the accessory hemiazygos vein
Intercostal veins T5, 6, 7 and 8
What veins join to superior vena cava
Oesophageal veins
Mediastinal veins
Pericardial veins
What joins to form each bracheocephalic vein
Subclavian vein and internal jugular
Pleural cavity recesses
Costomediastinal and costodiaphragmatic
Not symmetrical (due to heart)
Can be occupied by lung during forced inspiration
Innervation of parietal pleura regions
Cervical: 1st intercostal
Costal: intercostals
Mediastinal: phrenic
Diaphragmatic: lower ics and phrenic
What enters through the hilum (root)
Bronchi Pulmonary arteries and veins Bronchial arteries and veins Pulmonary plexus Lymph nodes and vessels
How does lymph drain towards the hilum
Bronchopulmonary nodes (Hilar)
Tracheobronchial nodes
Paratracheal nodes
What are secondary and tertiary bronchi called
lobar
segmental
How many bronchopulmonary segments are there
10 in right lung 8-10 in left lung Each supplied by a single tertiary bronchus Separated by connective tissue Can remove one in isolation
Where does the trachea run from and to?
C6-T4/5
Fissures of left and right lung
Left: oblique (inferior and superior); there is a lingula
Right: oblique and horizontal (inferior, superior and middle)
Visceral pleural innervation
Autonomic from pulmonary plexuses
Branches off the descending aorta
Paired - Posterior intercostal - Subcostal - Bronchial - Superior phrenic Unpaired - Pericardial - Oesophageal - Mediastinal
What does the thoracic duct do
Transports lymph to venous system
Where do the phrenic nerves enter the superior mediastinum
Between bracheocephalic veins and subclavian arteries
Pass anterior to main bronchi
Vagus nerve (what type of nerve, where they enter superior and posterior mediastinum, what they supply)
Cranial nerves
Enter superior mediastinum medial to phrenic nerve
Go into posterior mediastinum posterior to main bronchi
Parasympathetic supply via pulmonary, cardiac and oesophageal plexi
What form early blood vessels (embryology)
Angiogenic clusters form in the mesoderm
Two large blood vessels (heart tubes)form in cardiogenic area
When do heart tubes fuse
Day 21
What regions is the heart tube divided into
Sinus venosus
Primordial atrium
Primordial ventricle
Truncus arteriosus
When does the heart tube start to fold
Day 23
