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Module 103 > unknown anatomy 103 > Flashcards

unknown anatomy 103 Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the pericardium

A

Fibrous and serous (parietal and visceral form serous)

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2
Q

What forms the lateral border of all mediastinum

A

Mediastinal pleura

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3
Q

Atypical/floating/false ribs

A

Atypical: 1,2,10,11,12
Floating: 11 and 12
False rise: 8,9,10,11,12 (not attached to sternum

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4
Q

What forms the hemiazygos vein

A

Lumbar and left subcostal veins joining together

Intercostal veins 9, 10 and 11 join hemiazygos vein

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5
Q

What forms the accessory hemiazygos vein

A

Intercostal veins T5, 6, 7 and 8

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6
Q

What veins join to superior vena cava

A

Oesophageal veins
Mediastinal veins
Pericardial veins

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7
Q

What joins to form each bracheocephalic vein

A

Subclavian vein and internal jugular

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8
Q

Pleural cavity recesses

A

Costomediastinal and costodiaphragmatic
Not symmetrical (due to heart)
Can be occupied by lung during forced inspiration

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9
Q

Innervation of parietal pleura regions

A

Cervical: 1st intercostal
Costal: intercostals
Mediastinal: phrenic
Diaphragmatic: lower ics and phrenic

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10
Q

What enters through the hilum (root)

A 
Bronchi
Pulmonary arteries and veins
Bronchial arteries and veins
Pulmonary plexus
Lymph nodes and vessels
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11
Q

How does lymph drain towards the hilum

A

Bronchopulmonary nodes (Hilar)
Tracheobronchial nodes
Paratracheal nodes

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12
Q

What are secondary and tertiary bronchi called

A

lobar

segmental

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13
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments are there

A 
10 in right lung
8-10 in left lung
Each supplied by a single tertiary bronchus
Separated by connective tissue
Can remove one in isolation
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14
Q

Where does the trachea run from and to?

A

C6-T4/5

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15
Q

Fissures of left and right lung

A

Left: oblique (inferior and superior); there is a lingula
Right: oblique and horizontal (inferior, superior and middle)

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16
Q

Visceral pleural innervation

A

Autonomic from pulmonary plexuses

17
Q

Branches off the descending aorta

A 
Paired
- Posterior intercostal
- Subcostal
- Bronchial
- Superior phrenic
Unpaired
- Pericardial
- Oesophageal
- Mediastinal
18
Q

What does the thoracic duct do

A

Transports lymph to venous system

19
Q

Where do the phrenic nerves enter the superior mediastinum

A

Between bracheocephalic veins and subclavian arteries

Pass anterior to main bronchi

20
Q

Vagus nerve (what type of nerve, where they enter superior and posterior mediastinum, what they supply)

A

Cranial nerves
Enter superior mediastinum medial to phrenic nerve
Go into posterior mediastinum posterior to main bronchi
Parasympathetic supply via pulmonary, cardiac and oesophageal plexi

21
Q

What form early blood vessels (embryology)

A

Angiogenic clusters form in the mesoderm

Two large blood vessels (heart tubes)form in cardiogenic area

22
Q

When do heart tubes fuse

A

Day 21

23
Q

What regions is the heart tube divided into

A

Sinus venosus
Primordial atrium
Primordial ventricle
Truncus arteriosus

24
Q

When does the heart tube start to fold

A

Day 23

25
Q

2 regions of the right atrium of the heart

A

Sinus centrum (smooth walled)
Pectinate muscle
Also crista terminalis is the ridge of myocardium under the pectinate muscle

26
Q

What does the papillary muscle do

A

It attaches the chordae tendineae to the wall of the ventricles
Trabeculae carneae is the ridged wall of the ventricles

27
Q

Names of the tricuspid and mitral cusps

A

Anterior, posterior septal

Anterior and posterior

28
Q

Where is the oblique sinus located

A

Between pulmonary veins

29
Q

How many people are RCA dominant

A

67% (15% left and 8% both)

30
Q

In what percentage of people does the SA nodal branch come off the circumflex

A

40%

31
Q

Location of SA node

A

close to crista terminalis at junction between SVC and right atrium

32
Q

Location of AV node

A

interatrial septum close to coronary sinus opening

33
Q

How do parasympathetic fibres reach the SA node

A

Enter cardiac plexus from Vagus nerve

34
Q

How do sympathetic fibres react eh SA node

A

From sympathetic trunk levels T1-5 enter cardiac plexus

35
Q

Where does the thoracic duct originate/where does it travel

A

Cisterna chyli in abdomen (L2)
Ascends through aortic hiatus anterior to thoracic vertebrae
Drains into venous system at the left venous angle

36
Q

Lymph drainage fro which trunks

A

Right and left jugular trunk
Right and left subclavian trunk
Right and left bronchomediastinal trunk

37
Q

Where does the oesophagus travel

A

Posterior to trachea
Posterior and to right of aorta
Veers slightly left before piercing diaphragm
Passes anterior to aorta before entering stomach
Innervation: CNX and sympathetic trunk via oesophageal plexus

38
Q

Phrenic nerve in relation to the vagus

A

Phrenic is more lateral and anterior than the vagus in the thorax

Module 103 (80 decks)

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