Chapter 2 The Human Body in Health and Disease Medical Terms Flashcards

1
Q

surgical removal of a gland

A

adenectomy

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2
Q

inflammation of a gland

A

adenitis

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3
Q

carcinoma derived from glandular tissue

A

adenocarcinoma

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4
Q

benign tumor that arises from, or resembles, glandular tissue

A

adenoma

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5
Q

abnormal softening of a gland

A

adenomalacia

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6
Q

abnormal hardening of a gland

A

adenosclerosis

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7
Q

any disease or condition of a gland

A

adenosis

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8
Q

occurs through contact with contaminated respiratory droplets spread by a cough or sneeze

A

airborne transmission

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9
Q

a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

A

anaplasia

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10
Q

a deviation from what is regarded as normal

A

anomaly

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11
Q

the defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue

A

aplasia

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12
Q

the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood

A

bloodborne transmission

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13
Q

any condition that is transmitted from one person to another by either direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects

A

communicable disease (contagious disease)

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14
Q

an abnormal condition that exists at the time before birth

A

congenital disorder

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15
Q

a life threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus

A

cystic fibrosis

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16
Q

disorder than can result in an anomaly or malformation such as the absence of a limb or the presence of any extra toe

A

development disorder (birth defect)

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17
Q

a genetic variation that is associated with characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease

A

down syndrome

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18
Q

abnormally development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

A

dysplasia

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19
Q

refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area

A

endemic

20
Q

a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area

A

epidemic

21
Q

the study of the causes of diseases

A

etiology

22
Q

condition characterized by growth abnormalities, mental retardation, brain damage, and socialization difficulties, caused by the mother’s consumption of alcohol during the pregnancy

A

fetal alcohol syndrome

23
Q

caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill pathogens that are present

A

food-born and waterborne transmission (fecal-oral transmission)

24
Q

a condition that produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified

A

function disorder

25
Q

a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

A

genetic disorder (hereditary disorder)

26
Q

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing

A

hemophilia

27
Q

the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

A

homeostasis

28
Q

a genetic disorder that causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that most often appear in midlife

A

Huntington’s disease

29
Q

the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells

A

hyperplasia

30
Q

a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of cells in the tissue

A

hypertrophy

31
Q

the incomplete development of an organ or tissue

A

hypoplasia

32
Q

an unfavorable response due to a prescribed medical treatment

A

iatrogenic illness

33
Q

an illness with out known cause

A

idiopathic disorder

34
Q

refers to situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface

A

indirect contact transmission

35
Q

an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

A

infectious disease

36
Q

a group of more than 30 genetic disorders that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles without affecting the nervous system

A

muscular dystropy

37
Q

a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

A

nosocomial infection

38
Q

a disorder that produces symptoms caused by detectable changes in the body

A

organic disorder

39
Q

an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide

A

pandemic

40
Q

a disease-producing microorganism

A

pathogen

41
Q

inflammation of the peritoneum

A

peritonitis

42
Q

a genetic disorder in which an essential digestive enzyme is missing

A

phenylketonuria

43
Q

the mother’s health, behavior, and the prenatal medical care she does or does not receive before delivery

A

prenatal influences

44
Q

a viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash

A

rubella

45
Q

a fatal genetic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance build up in tissues and nerve cells in the brain

A

Tay-Sachs disease

46
Q

the spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector (insect or animals that are capable of transmitting a disease)

A

vector-born transmission