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Behavioral Medicine > Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Mood Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is mood?

A

pervasive and sustained tone that is internal and colors a person’s behavior and perception

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2
Q

what is affect?

A

external manifestation of mood

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3
Q

what are mood disorders?

A

clinical conditions characterized by a loss of a sense of control and significant subjective distress

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4
Q

what differentiates unipolar vs bipolar?

A

Major depressive episodes ONLY (MDD)=unipolar

Major depressive PLUS manic episodes = bipolar

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5
Q

what is hypomania?

A

low grade mania sxs

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6
Q

what is cyclothymia?

A

low grade bipolar sxs

-lasts 2 yrs and doesn’t meet criteria for bipolar I or II

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7
Q

what is dysthymia?

A

low grade depression sxs

-long-lasting, less severe lasting 2 yrs

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8
Q

what is unipolar mania/pure mania?

A

when only manic sxs are present

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9
Q

what is a major depressive episode?

A

distinct period of depressed mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure (must last at least 2 weeks)
-feel like they are in a fog

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10
Q

what is a manic episode?

A

distinct period of abn and persistently elevated, expansive and irritable mood (must last at least one week)

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11
Q

who does depression affect most?

A

women > men

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12
Q

who does mania affect most?

A

men > women

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13
Q

which gender are more rapid cyclers (4+ episodes in one year)?

A

women

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14
Q

what is the avg age of onset of depression?

A

40 yo

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15
Q

what is avg age of onset of bipolar disorder?

A

30 yo

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16
Q

what other things do ppl with mood disorders have an increased risk fo?

A

substance abuse, panic disorders, OCD, anxiety disorder (this can increase suicide risk)

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17
Q

oversupply of dopamine is a/w which disorder?

A

schizophrenia (also may involve glutamate)

mania

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18
Q

undersupply of serotonin is a/w which disorder?

A

depression

anxiety

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19
Q

what does GABA correlate with?

A

anxiety and intoxication

20
Q

what is the most common condition involved in the psychiatric realm?

A

mood disorders

21
Q

what is bipolar 1?

A

characterized by mainly manic episodes or rapid daily cycling

22
Q

what is bipolar 2?

A

characterized by mainly depressive episodes accompanied by hypomania

23
Q

which substances affect dopamine levels?

A

cocaine
amphetamines
ritalin
alcohol

24
Q

which substances affect serotonin levels?

A

prozac

hallucinogenics (LSD)

25
Q

what does imbalance in norepinephrine cause?

A

HTN, depression (undersupply)

26
Q

which substances affect norepinephrine?

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

beta blockers

27
Q

what do ACh imbalances cause?

A

muscular disorders

Alzheimers dz

28
Q

which substances affect ACh levels?

A

nicotine
botulism toxin
curare
atropine

29
Q

which substances affect GABA?

A

barbiturates
tranquilizers (valium, librium)
alcohol

30
Q

which substances affect glutamine?

A

PCP

31
Q

what anatomical changes can stress and depression cause?

A

HPA axis (thyroid) and changes in brain structure

32
Q

what depressive feelings are commonly a/w suicidal thoughts?

A

excessive feelings of worthlessness or feelings of guilt

33
Q

how are mood disorders inherited?

A

it’s genetic

34
Q

what can often trigger depressive of bipolar episodes?

A

significant life stressors

35
Q

what causes future episodes of MDD or bipolar to be more likely?

A

changes in neurotransmission functioning in the brain

36
Q

what is the cognitive triad of depression?

A

negative views of 1. self, 2. environment, 3. future

37
Q

which PDs are more likely to also be depressed?

A

OCPD
histrionic
borderline

38
Q

what is a key sxs that is common in mania?

A

unrestrained buying sprees (large credit card debt), sexual activity, gambling, foolish business investments

39
Q

what is a mixed episode?

A

very rare

experience mania AND depression in one day

40
Q

who has higher rates of bipolar?

A

higher SES (socioeconomic)

41
Q

where is depression more common?

A

rural areas

42
Q

what is the diathesis-stress model?

A

the idea that everyone is susceptible to some disorder

43
Q

what is a qualifier for having an MDD recurrence?

A

must be 2 mo sxs free between episodes

44
Q

how is bipolar coding differentiated?

A

by the manic episodes

45
Q

what is a qualifier for having a bipolar recurrence?

A

must be 2 mo without a manic or hypomanic episode

46
Q

what is a paradoxical suicide?

A

depressed pts actually commit suicide even when they are getting better

Behavioral Medicine (12 decks)

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