10.2 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What was the Kulturkampf?
The “battle for civilization” in which Bismarck took several measures to make Catholics put loyalty to the state above allegiance to the Church.
Who was William II?
The kaiser of Germany beginning in 1888, who asked Bismarck to resign.
What is social welfare?
Programs to help certain groups of people in a society.
What happened to Germany after the Franco-Prussian War ended?
Germany became the dominant power in Europe.
How did Germany increase its power after unifying in 1871?
By becoming an industrial giant.
What helped Germany become the industrial leader of Europe?
Its iron and coal resources, a disciplined workforce, and a rapidly growing population.
What did Germany do in the 1850s and 1860s that helped industrialization?
Founded large companies and built railroads.
What did the German government and industrialists support after unification?
Scientific research and economic development.
How were scientists involved in German industrialization?
They were encouraged to develop new materials and solve technical problems in factories.
What economic policies did the German government pursue?
Issuing a single currency and raising tariffs to protect home industries.
What were Bismarck’s foreign policy goals as the ‘Iron Chancellor’?
To keep France weak and to form strong ties with Austria and Russia.
What was Bismarck’s position on British naval power?
He did not want to compete with Britain’s naval power.
What was Bismarck’s goal on the domestic front?
To ensure complete loyalty to the state.
Why did Bismarck distrust Catholics?
He believed their first loyalty was to the pope, not to the German state.
When did Bismarck begin his campaign against the Catholic Church?
In 1871.
What did the Kulturkampf do between 1871 and 1878?
Passed laws that increased state power over Church actions.
What happened when Catholics rallied behind the Church during the Kulturkampf?
Bismarck retreated and reduced the restrictions.
Besides Catholics, who else did Bismarck target?
Socialists.
Why did Bismarck fear the socialists?
He thought they would cause a revolution among German workers.
What actions did Bismarck take against the socialists?
He dissolved socialist groups, shut down their newspapers, and banned their meetings.
What did Bismarck do when his anti-socialist measures failed?
He passed laws to protect workers and attract them away from socialism.
What kind of social reforms did Germany become a leader in?
Health and old-age insurance.
Did socialism decline after Bismarck’s reforms?
No, the socialist party continued to grow.
Who succeeded William I as kaiser in 1888?
William II.
