10.3 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Who was Camillo Cavour?
A politician who worked to unify Italy; prime minister of Sardinia who reformed the economy and led efforts to drive Austria out of Italy.
Who was Giuseppe Garibaldi?
A nationalist and ally of Mazzini who wanted to create a united Italy and worked with Cavour; led the Red Shirts.
What are anarchists?
People who want to abolish all government.
What is emigration?
Movement away from one’s homeland.
When was the last time Italy had political unity before the 1800s?
During the Roman Empire.
What changed in the 1800s for Italian unity?
Leaders like Giuseppe Mazzini and Count Camillo Cavour worked to build a united Italian state.
What were the obstacles to Italian unity in the early 1800s?
• People identified with their local regions due to frequent foreign rule.
• Italy was partitioned by Austria, the Hapsburgs, and others at the Congress of Vienna.
• Nationalist revolts were crushed by Austria.
What was Young Italy?
A secret society founded by Giuseppe Mazzini in the 1830s with the goal of establishing a united Italy.
What did Victor Emmanuel II want to do as king of Sardinia?
Join other states to his own and increase his power.
Who did Victor Emmanuel II appoint as prime minister in 1852?
Count Camillo Cavour.
What were Cavour’s accomplishments as prime minister?
Reformed Sardinia’s economy and aimed to expel Austria and annex more Italian provinces.
What war did Sardinia help Britain and France fight in?
The Crimean War.
How did Cavour plan to defeat Austria?
He secured help from France and then provoked a war with Austria.
What was the outcome of Cavour’s war with Austria?
Austria was defeated, and Sardinia gained control of northern Italy.
Who led the nationalist campaign in southern Italy?
Giuseppe Garibaldi.
What was the name of Garibaldi’s volunteer force?
The 1,000 ‘Red Shirts.’
What did Garibaldi’s forces accomplish?
They invaded and took control of Sicily with ships and weapons from Cavour.
Why did Cavour fear Garibaldi?
He worried Garibaldi would set up his own republic in the south.
What happened when Victor Emmanuel’s forces confronted Garibaldi?
Garibaldi turned over Naples and Sicily to Victor Emmanuel.
When was Victor Emmanuel crowned king of Italy?
In 1861.
What new territories did Italy gain after 1861?
Venetia (during the Austro-Prussian War) and Rome (during the Franco-Prussian War).
When did Italy become a fully united country?
Between 1858 and 1870.
What problems did Italy face after unification?
• Regional rivalries and differences.
• The north was rich and industrial, while the south was rural and poor.
• Popes urged Catholics not to cooperate with the new government.
What political tensions emerged in Italy in the late 1800s?
• The left clashed with a conservative government.
• Socialists organized strikes.
• Anarchists turned to violence.
