10.4 Flashcards
(32 cards)
Who was Francis Joseph?
Hapsburg emperor of the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary.
Who was Ferenc Deák?
A moderate Hungarian leader who helped work out the compromise that created the Dual Monarchy.
What was the Dual Monarchy?
A government arrangement that made Austria and Hungary separate states with their own constitutions and parliaments but shared ministries of finance, defense, and foreign affairs.
What weakened and eventually destroyed the Austrian and Ottoman Empires?
The desire for national independence among ethnic groups.
What was the ethnic makeup of the Austrian Hapsburg and Ottoman Empires?
Both ruled over diverse ethnic groups.
How did nationalist feelings affect these empires?
They caused internal pressure and ultimately led to the decline of the empires.
How did Austria try to respond to change in the early 1800s?
The Hapsburg rulers tried to prevent change and ignored liberal demands.
Why did Austria try to prevent industrialization?
They feared it would change the empire’s traditional way of life.
What changes occurred in Hapsburg lands by the 1840s despite efforts to resist change?
Factories were built and cities grew.
What made ruling the Austrian Empire difficult?
It had diverse peoples with rival goals.
What did nationalists in the Austrian Empire demand?
Self-government.
What happened during the Austrian nationalist revolt in 1848?
The Hapsburg government crushed the revolt.
What did Hungarians want?
The right to rule themselves.
What reforms did Francis Joseph introduce?
He created a legislature.
Why were Hungarians unsatisfied with Francis Joseph’s reforms?
The legislature was dominated by German-speaking Austrians.
What event pressured the Hapsburgs to compromise with the Hungarians?
Austria’s defeat in its war with Prussia.
What year was the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary created?
1867.
What did Austria and Hungary have separately under the Dual Monarchy?
• Their own constitutions.
• Their own parliaments.
What did Austria and Hungary share under the Dual Monarchy?
Ministries of finance, defense, and foreign affairs, and Francis Joseph as ruler (emperor of Austria and king of Hungary).
Who was satisfied with the Dual Monarchy?
Hungarians.
Who was not satisfied with the Dual Monarchy?
Other ethnic groups, like Slavs, who still lacked a voice in government.
What did Slavic nationalist leaders call for?
Unity among Slavic peoples.
What happened to the Austrian government in the early 1900s?
Nationalist unrest paralyzed it.
What did nationalists across Europe push for between 1800 and 1914?
Self-rule.
