Respiratory pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs are bronchodilators

A
Adrenergic agonists (SABA, LABA) salbutamol, salmeterol, formeterol
Muscarinic Antagonists (SAMA, LAMA) ipratropium, tiotropium
Methylxanthines - aminophylline, theophylline
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2
Q

Anti inflammatory drugs

A

Steroids: oral (prednisolone), ICS (beclamethasone)

Leukotriene receptor antagonists: montelukast

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3
Q

Action of adrenergic agonists

A

Bind to beta 2 receptors, activate adenylyl cyclase, cAMP, relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles

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4
Q

Salbutamol

A

Effects begin immediately
3-5 hr duration
Inhaled/nebuliser
Used for asthma, COPD

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5
Q

Salmeterol/formeterol

A

Begins 2-30 mins
10-12 hr duration
Inhaled
Used for asthma, COPD

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6
Q

Muscarinic antagonists/anticholinergics

A

Inhibition of M3 receptors at smooth muscle - bronchodilation

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7
Q

Ipratropium

A

Onset 30 mins
Duration 6 hours
Nebuliser
Used for COPD/asthma

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8
Q

Tiotropium

A

Lasts 24 hours
used once a day
Inhaled
Used in stable COPD and non-improving asthma

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9
Q

Inhaled drug devices

A
Combination inhalers (LAMA/LABA, ICS/LABA, ICS/LABA/LAMA)
Dry powder inhalers (one inhalation)
Pressurised metered dose inhalers (carbon footprint)
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10
Q

Glucocorticoids effects

A

Decrease release of inflammatory mediator
Decreased infiltration and action of wbcs
Decreased airway oedema and mucous pooling
Increased sensitivity of beta 2 receptors

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11
Q

Systemic glucocorticoids

A

Prednisolone
IV/oral
Has side effects
Action unaffected by inhaler technique

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12
Q

Inhaled glucocorticoids

A

Localised action
Fewer side effects
Disease may prevent penetration of drug to affected area

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13
Q

Theophylline

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Oral for persistent symptom; IV for emergencies
Used for COPD/asthma
5 hour half life, requires monitoring

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