Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > Lecture Exam 2: Ch. 4, 5, and 6 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 2: Ch. 4, 5, and 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What skin disorder is recognized using the ABCDE rule?

A

Melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The white, cheesy-looking substance that is produced by the sebaceous glands and protects a baby’s skin while it is floating in its water-filled sac inside the mother is called ________.

A

Vernix caseosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following are pigments that contribute to skin color?

A

Melanin; carotene; hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The outermost layer of the epidermis is keratinized and known as stratum ________.

A

Corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cardiac and skeletal muscle both possess striations.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the skin are classified as ________ glands because they release secretions to the skin’s surface via ducts.

A

Exocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The majority of the cells in the epidermis are keratinocytes.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When an individual is exposed to extremely low air temperatures, the capillaries of the skin will dilate so that blood will flush into skin capillary beds and heat will radiate.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A skeletal muscle twitch differs from a tetanic contraction in that ________.

A

The muscle twitch is a brief and “jerky” movement, while the tetanic contraction is prolonged and continuous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

One neuron and all the skeletal muscles it stimulates is known as a ________.

A

Motor unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Muscles will hypertrophy if they are not used continually.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The arrector pili muscle contracts and pulls hairs upright when we are cold or frightened.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A sarcomere is ________.

A

The contractile unit between two Z discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell is called the ________.

A

Sarcolemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Jason injured his hamstring muscle group during football practice. He will be unable to perform ________.

A

Thigh extension and knee flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which of the following is a skin cancer that accounts for 80% of all skin cancer cases and affects the cells of stratum basale?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

he hyoid bone is unique because it ________.

A

Is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mothers who breast-feed their children will lose a percentage of calcium from their bones. Which hormone is responsible for raising blood calcium levels when they drop below homeostatic levels?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Smooth muscles stabilize joints of the skeleton.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Two basic types of bone tissue are compact bone and smooth bone.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The sarcoplasmic reticulum wraps like a sleeve around the myofibril and stores and releases calcium.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which membrane is constructed of a visceral and parietal layer?

A

Serous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A neuromuscular junction consists of one neuron and all the skeletal muscles it stimulates.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

During skeletal muscle contraction, to what do myosin heads bind?

A

Actin filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which of the following is a vital function of the skin?

A

The skin converts modified epidermal cholesterol to vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The arrangement of lamellae around central (Haversian) canals forms osteons (Haversian systems).

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin?

A

Vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which term does NOT describe smooth muscle cells?

A

Skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the unstoppable electrical current that travels down the length of the entire surface of a sarcolemma?

A

Action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Plane, hinge, and pivot joints are examples of ________.

A

Synovial joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Both serous fluid and synovial fluid serve as lubricants in their respective locations.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Jan got her microscope slides mixed up in lab as they were unlabeled. The slide with abundant adipose tissue should be labeled as the ________.

A

Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which of the following is a type isometric exercise in which muscles increase in size and strength?

A

Lifting weights

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The two main layers of skin are ________.

A

Epidermis and dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The epidermis is made mostly of dense (fibrous) connective tissue.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Which of these events must occur first to trigger the skeletal muscle to generate an action potential and contract?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh) binds to receptors on the sarcolemma and allows passage of sodium ions into the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The ________ membrane lines the fibrous capsule surrounding joints.

A

Synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What does collagen provide as a component of bone?

A

Flexibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The condition of skeletal muscle fatigue can be best explained by ________.

A

The inability of the muscle to contract even if it is being stimulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What enzyme breaks down acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline to prevent continued contraction of the muscle fiber?

A

Acetylcholinesterase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The neurotransmitter used by the nervous system to activate skeletal muscle cells is acetylcholine.

A

True

42
Q

Osteoporosis is a bone-thinning disease that often affects young women.

A

False

43
Q

The mechanical force of contraction is generated by ________.

A

A sliding of thin filaments past thick filaments

44
Q

Which of the following is an example of an isometric contraction?

A

Pushing against an immovable wall

45
Q

Broken bones do not bleed since bone tissue is avascular.

A

False

46
Q

Striated involuntary muscle tissue found in the heart is ________.

A

Cardiac muscle

47
Q

Which of the following abnormal skin colors results from liver disorders?

A

Jaundice

48
Q

All muscles have at least two attachments: the origin and the insertion.

A

True

49
Q

The intervertebral discs that cushion the spine and absorb shock are composed of fibrocartilage.

A

True

50
Q

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________, whereas articulations permitting no movement are called ________.

A

Amphiarthroses; synarthroses

51
Q

Synovial membrane occurs in pairs with a parietal and visceral layer.

A

False

52
Q

The pleura and pericardium are examples of ________ membranes that cover organs in a body cavity closed to the exterior.

A

Serous

53
Q

According to the sliding filament theory, how does muscle contraction occur?

A

Myosin heads form cross bridges and pull thin filaments, causing them to slide.

54
Q

What must rush into a muscle cell to promote its depolarization?

A

Sodium ions

55
Q

Fingerprints and footprints in the epidermis are created by dermal papillae present in the ________.

A

Papillary layer of the dermis

56
Q

From superior to inferior, what is the correct order of the vertebrae?

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar

57
Q

Which bones are commonly referred to as the cheekbones?

A

Zygomatic bones

58
Q

Collagen and elastic fibers are common in the epidermis of the skin.

A

False

59
Q

Which movement is opposite to abduction?

A

Adduction

60
Q

A newborn baby has an S-shaped spinal curvature known as a primary curvature.

A

False

61
Q

The process of bone formation is known as ________.

A

Ossification

62
Q

When James shaves his face, which portion of the hair is removed?

A

Hair shaft

63
Q

A motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates are termed a ________.

A

Motor unit

64
Q

Apocrine glands are associated with hair follicles in the armpit and genital regions.

A

True

65
Q

A nurse tends to a patient with a sunburn. Upon examination, she sees blisters and red skin. What type of burn does the patient most likely have?

A

Second-degree burn

66
Q

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that ________.

A

Bone length is increasing

67
Q

Which one of the following is composed mostly of the protein myosin?

A

Thick filaments

68
Q

Muscle tissue has the ability to shorten when adequately stimulated, a characteristic known as ________.

A

Contractility

69
Q

Where are mucous membranes found?

A

Lining of the inside of the stomach

70
Q

What creates the alternating light and dark bands that provides the striation pattern on skeletal muscle tissue?

A

A bands and I bands

71
Q

The formation of cross bridges requires both calcium ions and ATP.

A

True

72
Q

Diarthroses have a greater degree of mobility and flexibility than synarthroses.

A

True

73
Q

What is covered by the endomysium?

A

An individual muscle cell

74
Q

Sebaceous glands and sweat glands are cutaneous glands associated with the skin.

A

True

75
Q

Small canals that connect osteocytes in their lacunae to the central canal are known as ________.

A

Canaliculi

76
Q

Which of the following is a lubricant that keeps skin soft and moist and also contains chemicals that kill bacteria?

A

Sebum

77
Q

In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to ________.

A

Store adipose tissue

78
Q

Supination and pronation refer to up and down movements of the foot at the ankle.

A

False

79
Q

While doing “jumping jacks” during an exercise class, your arms and legs move laterally away from the midline of your body. This motion is called ________.

A

Abduction

80
Q

The epidermis is composed of ________.

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

81
Q

The skeletal system is divided into two parts: the axial skeleton, the bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body, and the appendicular skeleton, the bones of the limbs and girdles that attach them to the skeleton.

A

True

82
Q

Skeletal muscle, as a whole, can generate different amounts of force, and different degrees of shortening, in response to stimuli. What is this concept called?

A

Graded response

83
Q

Creatine phosphate (CP) functions within the muscle cells by ________.

A

Storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP as needed

84
Q

Muscles that perform opposite actions to one another are termed ________.

A

Antagonists

85
Q

The elbow is classified as a ________.

A

Hinge joint

86
Q

An inherited disease that causes muscles to degenerate and atrophy is known as ________.

A

Muscular dystrophy

87
Q

There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae.

A

True

88
Q

When a muscle fiber contracts, the I bands nearly disappear, the H zones disappear, and the A bands move closer together but do not change in length.

A

True

89
Q

People who produce a lot of melanin have a skin tone that is ________.

A

Brown

90
Q

What organelle wraps and surrounds the myofibril and stores calcium?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

91
Q

Abduction and adduction are antagonistic actions.

A

True

92
Q

The gap between the axon terminal of a motor neuron and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell is called the ________.

A

Synaptic cleft

93
Q

What type of burn only involves injury to the superficial epidermis?

A

First

94
Q

What is acetylcholine?

A

A neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle to contract

95
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma arises from cells of the stratum spinosum.

A

True

96
Q

What is released by axon terminals into the synaptic cleft to stimulate a muscle to contract?

A

Acetylcholine

97
Q

The heads of the myosin myofilaments are called ________ when they link the thick and thin filaments together during skeletal muscle contraction.

A

Cross bridges

98
Q

Which of the following letters in the ABCDE rule for recognizing melanomas is incorrect?

A

D stands for diagnosis

99
Q

Contractions in which muscles shorten and produce movement are known as ________.

A

Isotonic contractions

100
Q

A smooth, sustained contraction, with no evidence of relaxation, is called ________.

A

Fused, or complete, tetanus

Anatomy and Physiology (61 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions