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Anatomy and Physiology > Lecture Exam 5: Ch. 13, 14, 15, and 16 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 5: Ch. 13, 14, 15, and 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Ovulation occurs in response to the release of an anterior pituitary hormone known as ________ hormone.

A

Luteinizing

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2
Q

The enzyme responsible for converting milk protein in an infant’s stomach to a substance that looks like sour milk is ________.

A

Rennin

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3
Q

An erection results from blood filling the spongy erectile tissues of the penis.

A

True

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4
Q

Trace the pathway of sperm through the duct system during ejaculation.

A

Epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

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5
Q

Which portion of the sperm houses the nucleus and its DNA?

A

Head

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6
Q

The external genitalia of a female are also known as the ________.

A

Vulva

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7
Q

Pepsin is necessary for the stomach to break down ________.

A

Proteins

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8
Q

Which of the following cells could be fertilized?

A

Secondary oocyte

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9
Q

Urine moves down the ureters into the urinary bladder due to gravitational pull alone.

A

False

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10
Q

Arterial blood pH above 7.45 is considered to be ________.

A

Alkalosis

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11
Q

The process of creating female gametes is called ________.

A

Oogenesis

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12
Q

Inspiration results when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax.

A

False

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13
Q

Which blood vessel directly feeds the glomerulus with blood from the cortical radiate artery?

A

Afferent arteriole

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14
Q

From fertilization to week 8 of pregnancy, the conceptus is called ________.

A

Embryo

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15
Q

Which tissue forms the C-shaped rings that reinforce the trachea?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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16
Q

Urine has a specific gravity closest to 1.001 when excessive fluids are consumed.

A

True

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17
Q

The most important trigger for aldosterone release is the renin-angiotensin mechanism, mediated by the juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus of the renal tubules.

A

True

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18
Q

What is one of the main functions of the small intestine?

A

Absorption of nutrients

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19
Q

Which tissue forms the epiglottis?

A

Elastic cartilage

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20
Q

Hyperventilation leads to all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A

Buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

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21
Q

The helmet-like region of the sperm that is similar to a large lysosome and assists penetration of the egg is called the ________.

A

Acrosome

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22
Q

Which of the following is the exocrine function of the testes?

A

Sperm production

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23
Q

Which of the following cells undergoes meiosis to produce four sperm?

A

Primary spermatocyte

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24
Q

Tubular secretion moves items from the blood of the peritubular capillaries to the filtrate for elimination in the urine.

A

True

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25
Q

What is the first digestive process, which involves placing food in the mouth, to occur?

A

Ingestion

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26
Q

What results from spermiogenesis?

A

Four sperm

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27
Q

Which of these foods would be the most mineral-rich?

A

Milk

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28
Q

The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a tidal expiration is around 1200 mL.

A

True

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29
Q

The opening between the vocal cords is known as the epiglottis.

A

False

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30
Q

Venous blood in systemic circulation is poorer in oxygen and richer in carbon dioxide.

A

True

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31
Q

The small intestine extends from the ________.

A

Pyloric sphincter (valve) to the ileocecal valve

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32
Q

What sweeps contaminated mucus from the nasal cavity to the throat?

A

Cilia

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33
Q

Which hormone is primarily produced by the corpus luteum?

A

Progesterone

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34
Q

Which part of the larynx produces sounds when air passes by?

A

Vocal folds (true vocal cords)

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35
Q

The gonads, or primary sex organs, produce sex cells, also known as ________.

A

Gametes

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36
Q

Each kidney has a medial indentation known as the renal hilum, and an adrenal gland sits atop each kidney.

A

True

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37
Q

Laughing and crying similarly involve inspiration followed by a release of air in a number of short expirations.

A

True

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38
Q

The process of eliminating indigestible residues from the GI tract is called ________.

A

Defecation

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39
Q

Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are considered ________.

A

Major nutrients

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40
Q

What is the enlarged tip of the penis called?

A

Glans penis

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41
Q

The lack of adequate surfactant can result in ________.

A

Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

42
Q

What region is the terminal part of the stomach?

A

Pylorus

43
Q

Most reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron.

A

True

44
Q

What is the fatty, rounded area overlying the pubic symphysis of a female?

A

Mons pubis

45
Q

One primary spermatocyte completes two meiotic divisions to produce four sperm.

A

True

46
Q

Why is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) important early in pregnancy?

A

Prods the corpus luteum to continue producing hormones

47
Q

Filtrate contains everything in blood plasma EXCEPT for ________.

A

Blood proteins

48
Q

Days 15-28 of the uterine (menstrual) cycle are known as ________.

A

The secretory phase

49
Q

The function of the C-rings of hyaline cartilage in the trachea is to keep the airway patent or open for breathing.

A

True

50
Q

Substances intended for tubular reabsorption travel from the filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule next to the ________.

A

Peritubular capillaries

51
Q

The respiratory zone is the only site of gas exchange within the lungs.

A

True

52
Q

Which process streamlines spermatids into sperm?

A

Spermiogenesis

53
Q

The pharynogotympanic tubes, which drain the middle ear, open into the ________.

A

Nasopharynx

54
Q

What does the enterogastric reflex accomplish?

A

Slows the emptying of the stomach contents

55
Q

Which condition prevents pancreatic juices from reaching the small intestine to break down fats and fat-soluble vitamins?

A

Cystic fibrosis

56
Q

What is the process by which the acrosome membranes of sperm break down and release enzymes that digest holes in the surrounding oocyte membrane?

A

The acrosomal reaction

57
Q

Parturition is another term for ________.

A

Childbirth

58
Q

What is the purpose of mastication?

A

To chew, grind and tear food into smaller pieces while in the mouth

59
Q

On average, what percentage of the adult female’s body is made of water?

A

50%

60
Q

The anterior portion of the palate that is supported by bone is called the ________.

A

Hard palate

61
Q

Which tonsils sit at the base of the tongue?

A

Lingual

62
Q

What accounts for the majority of cases of lung cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

63
Q

Which set of salivary glands are situated anterior to the ear?

A

Parotid glands

64
Q

Which sphincter operates under voluntary control?

A

External anal sphincter

65
Q

What anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth and limits its movements?

A

Lingual frenulum

66
Q

What effect does follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) have on males?

A

FSH stimulates sperm production in males

67
Q

The two intrinsic nerve plexuses serving the alimentary canal are the ________.

A

Submucosa; myenteric

68
Q

What is the most common cause for lung cancer?

A

Smoking

69
Q

An embryo is known as a fetus by the ________ week of pregnancy.

A

Ninth

70
Q

The Heimlich maneuver is a procedure in which air in a person’s own lungs is used to eject an obstructing piece of food.

A

True

71
Q

Where does fertilization usually occur?

A

Uterine (fallopian) tubes

72
Q

What hormone(s) stimulates the growth of the endometrium during the proliferative phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle?

A

Estrogens

73
Q

The bronchioles are the smallest of the conducting passageways in the lungs.

A

True

74
Q

Which glands produce a thick, yellowish secretion which nourishes and activates sperm?

A

Seminal vesicles

75
Q

What are the fingerlike projections of the small intestine that increase the absorptive surface area?

A

Villi

76
Q

During oogenesis, an oogonium directly gives rise to ________.

A

Primary oocyte

77
Q

The mammary glands are modified ________.

A

Sweat glands

78
Q

Eighty-year old Mary urinates small amounts of urine quite often, likely due to bladder shrinkage and loss of bladder tone. What age-related condition does she have?

A

Frequency

79
Q

A diet rich in proteins such as eggs, cheese, and whole-wheat products produces urine with an alkaline pH.

A

False

80
Q

The fluid stored inside cells is referred to as extracellular fluid (ECF).

A

False

81
Q

What is NOT a true statement concerning the vagina?

A

The innermost lining of the vagina sloughs off periodically.

82
Q

Which organ is responsible for drying out indigestible food residue through water absorption and the elimination of feces?

A

Large intestine

83
Q

Which layer of the uterus is constructed of smooth muscle?

A

Myometrium

84
Q

Where are androgens, such as testosterone, produced?

A

Interstitial cells of the testis

85
Q

When antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present at the collecting ducts of the kidneys, less water is reabsorbed and diuresis increases.

A

False

86
Q

The anterior chisel-shaped teeth that are adapted for cutting are called ________.

A

Incisors

87
Q

Which layer of the uterus serves as the site of implantation?

A

Endometrium

88
Q

Which gland surrounds the upper portion of the urethra just below the junction with the urinary bladder?

A

Prostate

89
Q

What organ stores bile when food digestion is not occurring?

A

Gallbladder

90
Q

What tube connects each kidney to the urinary bladder?

A

Ureter

91
Q

What part of the respiratory system routes air and food into their proper channels and plays a role in speech?

A

Larynx

92
Q

What organs release secretions into the duodenum of the small intestine?

A

Liver, gallbladder and pancreas

93
Q

Hyperpnea results from exercise when breathing becomes deeper and more vigorous.

A

True

94
Q

Paranasal sinuses warm, cleanse, and humidify air entering the nasal cavity.

A

False

95
Q

Oxygen is unloaded from the blood stream and diffuses into surrounding cells and tissues during ________.

A

Internal respiration

96
Q

As venous blood is drained from the kidney, identify the path it follows.

A

Cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, renal vein

97
Q

Why is the trigone of the urinary bladder clinically important?

A

Infections tend to persist in the trigone.

98
Q

The urethra, which carries urine exiting the urinary bladder by peristalsis, is typically shorter in females than in males.

A

True

99
Q

Oxygen is transported in the blood as ________.

A

Oxyhemoglobin

100
Q

What fluid-filled sac surrounds the fetus?

A

Amnion

Anatomy and Physiology (61 decks)

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