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VEEB > Urinary&Reproductive Sys(Pharm) > Flashcards

Urinary&Reproductive Sys(Pharm) Flashcards

1
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

G Name: Nitrofurantin

T Name: Furdantin, Macrodantin

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2
Q

Trimethoprim & Sulfamethoxazole

A

G Name: Trimethoprim & Sulfamethoxazol

T Name: Bactrim, Septra

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3
Q

Phenazopyridine HCL

A

G Name: Phenazopyridine HCL

T Name: Pyridium

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4
Q

Chlorothiazide

A

G Name: Chlorothiazide

T Name: Diuril

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5
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

G Name: Hydrochlorothiazide

T Name: Hydro Diuril, Esidrix

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6
Q

Acetazolamide

A

G Name: Acetazolamide

T Name: Diamox

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7
Q

Furosemide

A

G Name: Furosemide

T Name: Lasix

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8
Q

Mannitol

A

G Name: Mannitol

T Name: Osmitrol

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9
Q

Spironolactone

A

G Name: Spironolactone

T Name: Aldactone

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10
Q

Triamterene

A

G Name: Triamterene

T Name: Dyrenium

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11
Q

Bethanechol Chloride

A

G Name: Bethanechol Chloride

T Name: Urecholine

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12
Q

Oxybutynin Chloride

A

G Name: Oxybutynin Chloride

T Name: Ditropan

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13
Q

Bumetanide

A

G Name: Bumetanide

T Name: Bumex

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14
Q

Conjugated Estrogen

A

G Name: Conjugated Estrogen

T Name: Premarin

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15
Q

Medroxy Progesterone Suspension

A

G Name: Medroxy Progesterone Suspension

T Name: Depo Provera

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16
Q

Menotropins

A

G Name: Menotropins

T Name: Pergonal

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17
Q

Methyltestosterone

A

G Name: Methyltestosterone

T Name: Android

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18
Q

Fluoxymesterone

A

G Name: Fluoxymesterone

T Name: Halotestin

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19
Q

Nandrolone Phenpropionate

A

G Name: Nandrolone Phenpropionate

T Name: Durabolin

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20
Q

Oxytocin

A

G Name: Oxytocin

T Name: Syntocinon, Pitocin

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21
Q

Ergonovine Maleate

A

G Name: Ergonovine Maleate

T Name: Ergotrate

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22
Q

Methylergonovine

A

G Name: Methylergonovine

T Name: Methergine

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23
Q

Bromocriptine Mestlate

A

G Name: Bromocriptine Mestlate

T Name: Parlodel

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24
Q

Megestrol Acetate

A

G Name: Megestrol Acetate

T Name: Megace

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25
Q

Ritrodine HCL

A

G Name: Ritrodine HCL

T Name: Yutopar

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26
Q

Diuretics

A

action: remove sodium and water from the body
indication: edema, ascites, hypertension

types:
1) Thiazides
2) Loops
3) Potassium Sparing
4) Osmotics
5) Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

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27
Q

Thazides(Diuretic)

A
  • Inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the DISTAL TUBULES
  • end up losing Na and H20
  • safest diuretics
  • related to sulfonamides: allergy to sulfur
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28
Q

Thazides(Diuretic)(Side Effect)

A 
-Electrolyte imbalance, 
Decrease Na(Hyponatriema), 
potassium depleting(Hypokalemia), 
decrease Choride(Hypochlorimia)
diabetic patient effect glucose
constipation
dehydration
29
Q

Thiazide(Diuretic)

A
  • interaction: CNS depressants, Lithium, Digoxin
  • onset:2hrs
  • peak: 2-6hrs
  • duration: 6-12hr
30
Q

Thazides(Diuretic)(Drugs)

A
  • Chlorothiazide(Diuril)-1/2-2g per day
  • Hydrochlorothiazide(Hydrodiruil)-12.5-50mg per day depending on use
  • works about 2hrs after medication given
  • going to have to use the bathroom
  • prevent nocturia take early in the morning
  • risk for orthostatic hypotension b/c lowers bp
31
Q

Thazides(Diuretic)(Nursing Implication)

A
  • ask about allergy to sulfur
  • increase K in the diet or as supplements(b/c potassium depleting drug)-increase in leafy veggie
  • insulin dose adjustment needed(b/c hyperglycemia may need more insulin
  • monitor electrolytes
  • i/o
  • blood glucose level
  • uric acid monitor(careful with gout pt)
  • BUN, Creatine
  • Skin tugor, dry membrane
  • pt education
  • dangle, rise slowly of bed
  • avoid hot showes
  • baseline bp
32
Q

Loops(Diuretic)

A

action: inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ASCENDING LOOP OF THE HENLE
indication: hypertension,CHF, Pulmonary Edema, Ascities, Renal Failure

  • Most potent and strongest
  • safetest for elderly population
  • derived from sulfonamides
33
Q

Loops(Diuretic)(Side Effect)

A
  • Electrolyte imbalance
  • hyponatremia
  • hypochloremia
  • dehydration
  • potassium depleting
  • increase in sugar level
  • ototoxicity=baseline hearing assessment
34
Q

Loops(Diuretic)(Nursing Implication)

A
  • interaction w/ lithium,ASA,Aminoglycosides=greater risk for salicysim/ototoxicity
  • ask if allerguc to sulfa
  • give with food or milk b/c gi toxic
  • ototoxicity increaseed with aminoglycosides
35
Q

Loop(Diuretuc)(Drug)

A
  • Furosemide(Lasix)=20-80mg, max in 24hr period 1g, po/iv, intravenous route
  • Bumetanide(Bumex)=most potent
36
Q

Potassium Sparing

A

action: inhibits the action of aldosterone in the distal tubules(Aldosterone Antagonit). Inhibts Na channel
- weak diuretic
- often combined with thiazides

indication: renal failure,CHF,Liver Cirrhosis, Hypokalemia

37
Q

Potassium Sparing(side effect)

A
  • Hyperkalemia(avoid increase in K food)

- gastrotoxic: flatus,headache,anorexia,n/v,flatus

38
Q 
Potassium Sparing(Drug)
Aldosterone Antagonist
A
  • aldosterone antagonist(effecting hormones)
  • in male patients cause impotence/gynocomastia
  • in femal menstrual cycle
  • Sprionolactone(aldactone)-Aldosterone Antagonist
  • Triamterene(Dyrenium)-Aldosterone Antagonist
39
Q

Osmotics

A

action: concentrate in the kidney tubules and selectively prevent the reabsorption of water,sodium,and chloride

indication: ac renal faliure, intraoccular pressure, intracranial pressure
- powerful form diuretic
- concentrate in kidney tublue
- prevent water,sodium reabsorption
- cause rapid excretion of fluid
- emergency situation
- for acute renal failure
- for acute glucoma(take pressure off eye)

40
Q

Osmotics(Drugs)

A

Mannitol(Osmitrol)

  • iv:500-200mg a day; 500ml in bag
  • neuro assesment
  • crystals can form in med
  • will neeed a filter tubing
  • monitor site for infiltration iv
  • headaches, electrolytes imbalance,dehyrdration
  • rapid removal of fluid
  • baseline vital signs needed
  • cns assessment needed
  • powerful form of diuretic
  • concentrate in kidney tubules
  • prevent water,na,reabsorption
  • cause rapid excertion of fluid
  • emergent situation(acute renal failure, acute glucoma to take pressure of the eye
41
Q

Osmotics(Nuring implication)

A
  • monitor electrolyte
  • neuro assessment
  • monitor vision
42
Q

Carbon Anhydrae Inhibitor

A

action: prevent the action of enzyme anhydrase in the proximal tubules to promote the excretion of Na,sodium bicarbonate,K,h20

indication treat chronic glaucoma, baseline info for eye pain,pressure on eye

side effect: electrolyte imbalance,gastrotocity and bone marrow deression, monitor mental status=confusion,drowsiness

drug: Acetazolamide(Diamox)(0.2-1g)

43
Q

Overall nursing imlpication for Diuretic

A
  • brp=bathroom previlges
  • i/o
  • weight
  • edema=indication of drug effectiveness
  • state od hydration
  • adminster early am=prevent noctoria
  • monitor hydration,electrolyte,vital signs
  • monitor for hypokalemia,hyponatremia,sourece of potassium,orthostatic hypotension,photosensitivity_avoid ultraviolet rays
  • interaction-digoxin and litium
44
Q

Urinary antiseptic

A

indication=UTI

s/s: urgency,frequency,burning

45
Q

Trimethoprim(proloprim)

A

action: block bacterial synthesis of folic acid
- often combined with sulfamethoxazole as bactrim/septra
- ade: rash pruritis, n/v, epigastric distress

46
Q

Nalidixic Acid(Neggram)

A

action: interfere with bacterial DNA replication
- adverse effects: N&V, anorexia, diarrhea, abdominal pain, skin rash, headache, blurred vision, dizziness, drowsiness, weakness, photosensitivity and convulsion
- contraindication-children
- gram
- gather baseline info on integmentary system, cns system
- avoid ultra violet rays

47
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

action: bacteriostatic. bacteriocidal
adverse effect-hypersensitivity, N&V,anorexia, skin rash, headache, peripheral neuropathy(tingling nerve), respiratory depression, muddy brown discoloration of the urine
-contraindication: renal failuire, resp. depression and pregnancy
-only effective in gu/urinary tract
-50-100mg a day
-w/ food or milk

48
Q

Methenamine Products(Mandelamine)

A
  • action: bacteriocidal, when urine is acdic gets converted to ammonia and formaldehyde
  • to make urine acidic give acidifiers such as prune,plum or cranberry juice
  • adverse effect- N/V,anorexia,stomatits, cramps, burning on urination and bladder irration
  • chronic reoccurent ti
  • 500mg-1g enteric coated
  • acid convert ammonia to formaldehyde
  • avoid milk(alkaline)(drug best in acdic environment
49
Q

Fosfomycin(monurol)

A
  • single dose treatment
  • uncomplicated UTI
  • requires constituition
  • PO
  • only drug single dose treatment
  • female uncomplicated uti
  • 3g pack granules reconstitued in 3-4oz
  • should relieve in 2-3 days
  • if burning continue not effective
50
Q

Urinary Tract Analgesic

A
  • treat dull pain
  • local effect-relieve pain in GU tract
  • action: relief burning and itching
  • pyridium is a dye that exerts its eefect on the lining of the urinary tract
  • discolors urine-reddish orange
  • adverse effect: headache, rash, gastrotoxicity
  • phenazopyridine(Pyridium)-dye analgesic effect on lining in GU tract 300mg po TID
51
Q

Nursing Implication

A
  • urine c/s before and periodic
  • stop after 3 days of sterile urine or one weel after all symptoms subside
  • all drug are gastrotxic so give with meals
  • all cause photosensititivy
  • give 2-3 liters fluid per day
  • 3 negative clean catch specimen daily for daily
  • report 1 or more pound daily
  • report 5 more pound weekly
52
Q

Antispasmodic/Anticholinergic

A
  • act directly on bladder muscle to relax bladder muscle and reduce spasm
  • indiaction- bladder instability, neurogenic bladder and UTI
  • adverse effect-atropine like
  • review D part of map
  • given to pt w/ overactive bladder
  • decrease frequency
  • decrease to motility
  • drying
  • could cause hesitency and urinary retention
  • constipation
  • contraindicated in glacoma pt
53
Q

Antispasmodic/Anticholinergic(Drug)

A
  • Oxybutynin Chloride(Ditropan)

- 5mg 3x day

54
Q

Drugs used for Enuresis

A
  1. Tricyclic Antidepressant
    -imipramine HCL(tofranil)-used to treat urine production, anticholenerfic property
    2, Antidiuretic Hormone
    -Demopressin Acetate(DDAVP)-hormone, renal tube instill in nose, water toxication
    -diabetes insipidus(treat)
    -enuresis(treat)
55
Q

Bladder Stimulant

A
  • action: cholinergic causes the bladder to contract, resulting in voiding,
  • indication: urinary retention, post op and post partum
  • side effects: cholinergic like
  • Bethanechol Chloride(Urecholine)-
56
Q

Benign Prostate Hypertrophy(BPH)

A
  • alpha 1blockers(Tansulosin(Flomax)
  • 0.4mg per day/hypotension(AVE)
  • lessen severity of the ADE when given with food
  • do not crush it
  • urine flow increase 1-2 weeks
57
Q

Drugs used for Erectile Dysfunction

A

open up blood flow improve blood flow to penis

prostagladins:

1) alprostadil: used to keep vessels open have neurpogenic/spinal problems
- intaureathral medication
- injected in penis last 30-60min
- injectable./suppository in the urethra

Phosphodiesterase Inhibtors:

  • inbiting an enzyme allowing nitrous oxide to work
  • increase blood flow to the sex organ
  • only effective if sexually aroused
    1) sildenafil(viagra)
  • 25-100mg po
  • taken immediately up to 4hrs before activities
  • start to work 16-30min up to about 4hrs
    2) Tadalafil(cialis)
  • 2.5-5mg po once in 24hr period
  • work in 30min and duration 36hr

-SDE: flushing, nasal congestion, headache, visual disturbances, priapism, hypertension, arrhythmias, cva-stoke/tia-mini stroke, sudden death

58
Q

Intravenous solution

A
  • maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
  • provide nutrients
  • adminster medications
  • replce or supplement needed lood components
  • normal serum osmolarity=280-300
  • isotonic: tonicity same as blood plasma
  • hypotontic:tonicity lower than blood plasma
  • hypertonic: tonicity greater than blood plasma
59
Q

crystalloid solutions

A

-contain molecules that pass over semipermable membrane sterile water electrolyte

60
Q

Isotonic crystalloid solutions

A
  • expand the fluid volume
  • have some, osmlarity plasma, so the fluids remian primarily in the intravascular compartment
  • replace fluid loss
  • exand vessels
    1) Normal Saline
  • provide na and cl in water w/ some osmolarity as serum
  • provides no calories or fire wwater(water w/o solute)
  • pt w/ low na and cl level
  • -used for initateing and ending blood transfusion
    2) 5% dextrose in water
  • 170kc per L of fluid
  • only isotonic in the bag
  • once in body glucose quickly metabolized and leaves just free water(hypotonic)
  • for pt w/ nutritional needs
  • isotonic in bag in vessels become hypotonic
    3) Ringers Solution
  • contains electrolytes no dextrose or free water
  • for pt with purns or vomitting frequently
    4) Lactated Ringers
  • contains electrolyte similar concentration to plasma
  • provides no dextrose, magnesium, or freewater
  • for p with burns/vomitting frequentlty
61
Q

Intravenous solution

A
  • maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
  • provide nutrients
  • adminster medications
  • replce or supplement needed lood components
  • normal serum osmolarity=280-300
  • isotonic: tonicity same as blood plasma
  • hypotontic:tonicity lower than blood plasma
  • hypertonic: tonicity greater than blood plasma
62
Q

crystalloid solutions

A

-contain molecules that pass over semipermable membrane sterile water electrolyte

63
Q

Isotonic crystalloid solutions

A
  • expand the fluid volume
  • have some, osmlarity plasma, so the fluids remian primarily in the intravascular compartment
  • replace fluid loss
  • exand vessels
    1) Normal Saline
  • provide na and cl in water w/ some osmolarity as serum
  • provides no calories or fire wwater(water w/o solute)
  • pt w/ low na and cl level
  • -used for initateing and ending blood transfusion
    2) 5% dextrose in water
  • 170kc per L of fluid
  • only isotonic in the bag
  • once in body glucose quickly metabolized and leaves just free water(hypotonic)
  • for pt w/ nutritional needs
  • isotonic in bag in vessels become hypotonic
    3) Ringers Solution contains electrolytes but no dextrose-for pt with burns
    4) Lactated Ringers
  • contain electrolytes provide no magnesium/magnesium/bicarbonate
  • for pt with burnings
64
Q

Hypotonic crystalloid solutions

A
  • reverse dehydration and achieve cellular hydration
  • lower toncity then blood
  • water pulled out blood vesseld into the cells resulting in decrease vascular volume and increase cell water
  • lower bp,not for ac brain injury cant lead to cerebral edema
  • increasingn intra/extra cellular fluid
    1) 5% dextrose in water
  • isotonic in iv bag
  • hypotonic effect in body as dextrose is quickylu metabolized
    2) 0.45% ns and 0.225 normal saline
    3) saline mixed with dextrose and water
65
Q

Hypertonic crystalloid solutions

A
  • 3%normal saline and 5%normal saline
  • 10% dextrose in water
  • double amount=340kc per liter
  • for pt w/ edmea
  • high tonicty than blood
  • water from cells into vessels
  • expand blood volume
66
Q

colloid solution

A
  • solution that contains protein and starch molecules. molecules do not dissolve but can be distributed in the extra cellular and vascular space
  • siae do not aloow cross to large
67
Q

Hypertonic crystalloid solutions

A
  • 3%normal saline and 5%normal saline
  • 10% dextrose in water
  • double amount=340kc per liter
  • for pt w/ edmea
  • high tonicty than blood
  • water from cells into vessels
  • expand blood volume
68
Q

colloid solution

A
  • solution that contains protein and starch molecules. molecules do not dissolve but can be distributed in the extra cellular and vascular space
  • siae do not aloow cross to large

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