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VEEB > Special Sense Organ > Flashcards

Special Sense Organ Flashcards

1
Q

Senses

A

divided into special senses and general senses

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2
Q

Special Sense

A

senses that have localized sense organ

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3
Q

Vision

A
  • organ: eye
  • occibital lobe
  • optic nerve(2)
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4
Q

Hearing

A
  • organ: ear
  • temporal lobe
  • vestibular cochlear nerve(8)
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5
Q

Equilibrium

A
  • organ:ear
  • cerebellum
  • vestibular cochlear nerve(8)
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6
Q

Taste

A
  • organ:tongue

- gustation nerve

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7
Q

Smell

A
  • organ:nose
  • temporal lobe
  • olfaction nerve(1)
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8
Q

General Senses

A

-receptors that are scattered/ distributed throughout the body

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9
Q

Cutaneous

A
  • located at or near the surface of the body
  • provide information about the external environment
  • ex. touch,pressure,temp,pain
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10
Q

Internal Organ Receptors

A
  • located in blood vessels and internal organ

- provide information about the internal environment

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11
Q

Proprioceptor

A
  • located in musles tendon joints

- provide information about body position and movement

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12
Q

The EYE

A
  • receptors for visual stimuli
  • system for bending light rays(refractive apparatus)
  • lacrimal apparatus
  • accessory muscles
  • nervel supply
  • nerve supply
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13
Q

Coats of the eyeball

A
  • eyeball sits in orbit
  • wall is made of layers
  • layers are called coats or tonic
  • layers are different in front vs. the back
  • overmost coat=fibrous tunic
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14
Q

Outer Coat

A

-Sclera(back): tough connect tissue, white due to collagen, avascular

  • Cornea(front): transparent, avascular, bulges forword slightly
  • cornea is part of the refractive apparatus
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15
Q

MIddle Coat(Vascuar Layer)

A
  • Choroid-connective tissue and blood vessels, contains dark brown pigment
  • dark brown pigment prevents scattering/reflecting off the light inside the eye

Ciliary Body(muscle)

  • holds the lens in place, controls the shape of the lens (accommodation)
  • the lens is the only part of the refractive apparatus that can change
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16
Q

Lens

A
  • biconvex, adjustable part of the refraction system bi-convex=bulges out on both sides
  • only adjustable part of the refraction system
  • lens is clear
  • thickness of the lens can be adjusted
  • adjustment in thickness gives accomadation
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17
Q

Iris(muscle)

A
  • colored
  • made up of 2 sets of muscle fibers
  • 2 set of muscle fibers control size of pupil
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18
Q

Pupil

A

pupil is an opening in the lens

  • controls amount of light that eneters the eye
  • in bright light pupil constricts
  • in dark light the pupil dilates
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19
Q

Inner coat

A

retina: 2nd tunic, nervous tunic
- somplex structure that lines the back 2/3rd of the eye
- contains photoreceptors(visual receptos)
- rods detect the presense of light
- cones detect color
- optic disc

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20
Q

Rods

A
  • detect light
  • found in edges of the retina
  • responsibe for night vision
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21
Q

Cones

A
  • detect color

- found in center of the retina

22
Q

Reaction of retina

A
  • when light strikes the retina
  • rods and cones generate impulses which are transmitted to the optic disc
  • optic disk is the area where the optic nerve connects to the retina
  • optic disk does not contain photoreceptors
  • optic disk is blind spot
23
Q

Posterior cavity(chamber of the eye)

A
  • btw the lens and retina
  • filled with vitreous body(viterous humor)
  • vitreous body is gel-like material that fills the posterior cavitiy and keeps the retina in place
24
Q

Anterior cavity(chambers of the eye)

A
  • btw lens and cornea
  • filled with aqueous(humor)(=watery fluid) body
  • aqueous body is constantly being made and drained
  • increase itnraocular pressure is not drained
25
Q

Extrinsic Muscles of the Eye

A

Intrinsic muscles: inside the eye(iris(size of pupil and capillary body(thickness of lens))=control pupil and lens movement

Extrinsic muscles of the eye

  • control movement of eyeball
  • found outside the eye
  • movement of each eye controlled by 6 muscles to produce convergence
  • convergence: both eyes are directed to one visual field this is what gives us binocular vision
26
Q

Sensory Nerve

A

1) Optic Nerve(Cranial Nerve 2)
- transmits visual impulses from the eye to the brain

2) Ophthalmic Nerve: Cranial Nerve 5

27
Q

Motor Nerve of the EyE

A

1) Oculomotor Nerve(Cranial Nerve 3)
- supplies intrinsic muscles of the eyes
- most of the extrinsic muscles of the eye
- headlinging nerve

2) Trochlear Nerve(Cranial Nerve 4)
- supplies 1 nerve

3) Abducens Nerve(Cranial nerve 6)
- supplies 1 nerve

28
Q

Conjunctiva

A

muscous membrane that covers the eye and lines the eyelid

29
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus

A
  • makes tears
  • lacrimal gland: upper outer corner of the orbit
  • nasolacrimal duct: connects eye with the nasal cavity
30
Q

Pathway for sight

A
  • light passes through

- Cornea-Aqueous Body-Pupil-Lens-Vitreuos Body-Photo receptors on the retina-optic nerve

31
Q

Physiology of vision

A

Refraction: bending of light rays, lens is the only adjustable part of the refractive apparatus

  • accomodation: ability to focus on near and far objects, reaction of the retina(when light hits retina)
  • reaction of retina-PERRLA
32
Q

Erros of Refraction

A

Myopia=nearsightedness

Hyperopia=farsightedness

Presbyopia=as you get old

Astigmatism=irregular curvature of the cornea

Strabismus=cross eyed

Amblyopia=lazy eye

33
Q

External Ear

A

Pinna/Auricle=directs sound waves to the external auditory meatus

  • External Auditory Meatus: through temporal bone, line w/ thin layer of skin, has cereminus glands maker cerumin, cereumin protects and lubricated the tympanic membrance
  • Tympanic membrance: a thin membrane that vibrates when sound waves hit it
34
Q

Middle ear

A
  • cavity that has two parts
  • Eustachian Tube:
  • opens to back of throat,
  • extends from the middle ear to pharynx in adults,
  • narrow and slanted,
  • equalizes pressure on both side of tympanic membrane

Ossicles:

  • 3 smalls bones
  • transmit vibratio0n from tympanic membrane to the inner ear
  • malleus=hammer=closest to tympanic membrane
  • incus=anvil=middle ear
  • stapes=strriup
35
Q

Internal Ear

A
  • Labrynth maze=extrememly complex structure
  • endolymph-fluid found inside bony labrynth
  • perilymph=fluid btw bony labrynth and membranous labrynth
  • fluid transmits sound vibrations to hair cells in the cochlea
  • hair cells are part of orgam of corti, this is what we hear with
  • different hair cells hear different vibration/frequency
  • hairs are nerve fibers
  • that sensory information is transmitted by vestibular cochlea cranial nerve then goes to the tempral lobe
36
Q

Cochlea

A
  • part of the inner ear responsible for hearing
  • ossicles will transmit vibration
  • describe as labrynth
  • 2 labrynth one inside the other
  • bony labrynth=made in bone
  • inner labrynth=membranous
37
Q

Semicircular Canal

A
  • responsible for sense of equiibrium
  • (2) receptors
    - dynamic equilibrium-when moving
    - static equilibrium-when still
38
Q

Conduction Deafness

A
  • hearing loss resulting from interfering of the passage from ossicle in inner ear
  • something happening to the ossicles and tympanic membrane
39
Q

Senorineural Deafness

A

-result from prolonged exposure to lound sounds hair cells die

40
Q

Otosclerosis

A
  • bone disorder
  • hereditary
  • prevents the vibration of the stapes
41
Q

Presbycusis

A

slows progressive hearing loss that accompanies aging

-usually lower tones and frequency are heard better

42
Q

Taste receptors

A
  • sweet: tip of tongue
  • salt: anterior sides
  • sour: posterior sides of tongue
  • bitter: posterior surface of tongue
43
Q

Smell receptors

A

olfactory receptors:

  • located in epitheal of superior part of nasal cavity(roof of nasal cavity)
  • smell transmitted to brain by cranial nerve 1 then going to the temporal lobe
44
Q

Touch

A

-meisner receptor

45
Q

Pressure

A

-Pechinner receptor

46
Q

Temp

A

-crouse receptors

47
Q

Position

A

proprioceptors, how you are arranged in space

48
Q

Pain

A

free nerve endings

49
Q

Visceral Senses

A
  1. Hunger/Thirst- Triggered by internal changes , hunger receptor detect changes in blood nutrient level, thrist receptors detect changes in electrical communication
50
Q

Visceral Senses

A
  1. Hunger/Thirst- Triggered by internal changes , hunger receptor detect changes in blood nutrient level, thrist receptors detect changes in electrical communication

VEEB (25 decks)

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