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Yoga > Myology and Biomechanics of Movement > Flashcards

Myology and Biomechanics of Movement Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue in the body?

A

Skeletal Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle

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2
Q

What is Skeletal Muscle?

A

‘voluntary muscle’ Muscles that you think about contracting and then the nervous system tells them to do so. Anchored to bone via tendons and is designed to generate skeletal movement

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3
Q

What is Smooth Muscle?

A

‘involuntary muscle’ found lining the walls of internal organs and structures such as the stomach, intensities and uterus

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4
Q

What is Cardiac Muscle?

A

also ‘involuntary muscle’ and is found only in the heart

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5
Q

What is an antagonistic pair?

A

A pair of muscles that when one contracts the other stretches

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6
Q

What does an agonist muscle do?

A

Contracts/produces movement

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7
Q

What does an antagonist muscle do?

A

Stretches, acting against or in opposition to the agonist muscle

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8
Q

How are muscles and the nervous system related?

A

The movement of muscles is coordinated and controlled by the nervous system, that sends a message to the muscles ‘telling’ it to move

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9
Q

Where is the Muscle Spindle Stretch Receptor found?

A

In the belly of all our skeletal muscles

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10
Q

What does the Muscle Spindle Stretch Receptor detect?

A

Length in a muscle

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11
Q

What does the Muscle Spindle Stretch Receptor do?

A

When a muscle stretches, the muscle spindle
that sends a signal to the spinal cord which in turn sends a message to the muscle to contract and resist
the stretch.

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12
Q

Why does the Muscle Spindle resist the stretch?

A

To protect the muscle from over-stretching or tearing

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13
Q

What is a spinal cord reflex arc?

A

A neural pathway that controls a reflex, where sensory neurons do not go all the way to the brain, only to the spinal cord

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14
Q

Is the muscle spindle a spinal cord reflex?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What causes the Muscle Spindle to decrease its firing?

A

Coming out of the pose slightly
Breath
Time

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16
Q

What are the two types of muscle contractions?

A

Isometric

Isotonic

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17
Q

What are the two types of isotonic muscle contractions?

A

Concentric

Eccentric

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18
Q

What is an isometric muscle contraction?

A

Muscle generates force without changing length

ie. holding a pose

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19
Q

What is an isotonic muscle contraction?

A

Tension remains unchanged but the muscle length changes

ie. Moving into a pose

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20
Q

What is a concentric muscle contraction?

A

Muscle contracts to meet resistance, whilst shortening

ie. bicep curl

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21
Q

What is an eccentric muscle contraction?

A

Muscle contracts whilst lengthening

ie. Putting shopping down

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22
Q

What are the four methods of stretching muscles used in yoga?

A

Ballistic
Passive
Active
Facilitated

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23
Q

What is ballistic stretching?

A

A form of passive stretching that uses a bouncing motion

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24
Q

What is passive stretching?

A

Uses body weight or gravity to create a stretch

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25
Q

What is active stretching?

A

Uses only muscular contraction to hold a pose

26
Q

What is facilitated stretching?

A

Briefly contracting a muscle, allowing it to stretch further once relaxed

27
Q

What is an example of ballistic stretching?

A

Surya Namaskar

Jumping through

28
Q

What is an example of passive stretching?

A

Vasisthasana

29
Q

What is an example of active stretching?

A

Utthita Hasta Padangusthasana

30
Q

What is an example of facilitated stretching?

A

Consciously contracting the hamstrings in Janu Sirsasana

31
Q

What is facilitated stretching also known as?

A

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

32
Q

What is the Golgi Tendon Organ?

A

A sensory receptor located where the muscle and tendon are joined

33
Q

What does the Golgi Tendon Organ detect?

A

Changes in tension

34
Q

What does the Golgi Tendon Organ do?

A

Signals the muscle to relax when tension increases

35
Q

What is abduction?

A

Moving a body part away from the mid line

36
Q

What is adduction?

A

Moving a body part towards or across the mid line

37
Q

What is axial rotation?

A

Rotation of the vertebral column

38
Q

What is lateral flexion?

A

Moving the head or trunk sideways away from the mid line

39
Q

What is circumduction?

A

Circular movement at a synovial joint

40
Q

What is dorsi flexion?

A

Flexing toes towards the face

41
Q

What is eversion?

A

Movement of the sole of the foot laterally at the ankle

42
Q

What is extension?

A

Restoring a body part to its anatomical position after flexion

43
Q

What is flexion?

A

Moving two bones towards each other

44
Q

What is inversion?

A

Movement of the sole of foot medially at the ankle

45
Q

What is medial/internal rotation?

A

Rotation towards the centre of the body

46
Q

What is lateral/external rotation?

A

Rotation away from the centre of the body

47
Q

What is plantar flexion?

A

Bending the foot towards the sole (pointing)

48
Q

What is pronation?

A

Facing downwards

49
Q

What is supination?

A

Facing upwards

50
Q

What is protraction?

A

Movement of the jaw or shoulders forward

51
Q

What is retraction?

A

Movement of the jaw or shoulders backward

52
Q

What are the nine major joints?

A 
Ankle
Knee
Hip
Lumbar Spine
Thoracic Spine
Cervical Spine
Shoulder
Elbow
Wrist
53
Q

What movements are the ankle capable of?

A

Dorsi flexion
Plantar flexion
Inversion
Eversion

54
Q

What movements are the knee capable of?

A

Flexion
Extension
Internal/Medial Rotation
External/Lateral Rotation

55
Q

What movements are the hips capable of?

A 
Flexion
Extention
Abduction
Adduction
Internal/Medial Rotation
External/Lateral Rotation
56
Q

What movements are the lumbar spine capable of?

A

Flexion
Extension
Axial Rotation
Lateral Flexion

57
Q

What movements are the thoracic spine capable of?

A

Flexion
Extension
Axial Rotation
Lateral Flexion

58
Q

What movements are the cervical spine capable of?

A

Flexion
Extension
Axial Rotation
Lateral Flexion

59
Q

What movements are the shoulder capable of?

A 
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Internal/Medial Rotation
External/Lateral Rotation
Protraction
Retraction
Circumduction
60
Q

What movements are the elbow capable of?

A

Flexion
Extension
Pronation
Supination

61
Q

What movements are the wrist capable of?

A

Flexion

Extension

Yoga (38 decks)

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