Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis, Cough, and Colds Flashcards
allergic rhinitis
seasonal (hay fever;outdoor allergens)
nonseasonal (indoor allergens)
drug classes for TX
glucocorticoids
antihistamines
sympathiomimetrics
Glucocorticoids (intranasal)
Fluticasone
Beclomethasone
Antihistamines
Diphenydramine (oral)
Loratadine (oral)
Azelastine (intranasal)
Sympathomimetics (oral and intranasal)
Oxymetazoline (long-acting intranasal)
Phenylephrine (short-acting intranasal)
Intranasal Glucocorticoids
most effective for preventing and treating of rhinitis; anti-inflammatory suppress congestion, nasal itching, rhinorrhea, sneezing, erythema; OTC; better daily than PRN
Intranasal Glucocorticoids side effects
Drying of the nasal mucosa
Sore throat
Epistaxis (nose bleed)
Headache
low bioavailability
adrenal supression RISk
Antihistamines-ORAL
h1 block prevents histamine response; 1st line for mild-moderate allergic rhinitis; prophylactically; less effective than glucocorticoids
diphenhydramine
Loratadine-non-sedating
Side effects:
Drowsiness
Anticholinergic side effects
Relieve sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal itching. Do NOT reduce nasal congestion.
Antihistamines-INTRANASAL
very safe
suppress histamine and other mediators from mast cells; prophylactically
Cromolyn
Azelastine
Much fewer side effects than any other drug for allergic rhinitis
Drugs for Cough
antitussive; cough by irritation or stimuli in RT; productive cough should not be suppressed
Opioid Antitussives
Codeine
Hydrocodone
Nonopioid Antitussives
Dextromethorphan
Diphenhydramine
dextromethorphan hydrobromide- “DM”
High doses can cause euphoria; a common active ingredient; should not be used for patients with productive coughs.
Codeine (most effective)
Hydrocodone (higher abuse risk: S II)
elevates cough threshold to decrease frequency and intensity; can suppress respiration; reversal naloxone