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Pharmacology > Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis, Cough, and Colds > Flashcards

Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis, Cough, and Colds Flashcards

1
Q

allergic rhinitis

A

seasonal (hay fever;outdoor allergens)

nonseasonal (indoor allergens)

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2
Q

drug classes for TX

A

glucocorticoids
antihistamines
sympathiomimetrics

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3
Q

Glucocorticoids (intranasal)

A

Fluticasone

Beclomethasone

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4
Q

Antihistamines

A

Diphenydramine (oral)
Loratadine (oral)
Azelastine (intranasal)

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5
Q

Sympathomimetics (oral and intranasal)

A

Oxymetazoline (long-acting intranasal)

Phenylephrine (short-acting intranasal)

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6
Q

Intranasal Glucocorticoids

A

most effective for preventing and treating of rhinitis; anti-inflammatory suppress congestion, nasal itching, rhinorrhea, sneezing, erythema; OTC; better daily than PRN

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7
Q

Intranasal Glucocorticoids side effects

A

Drying of the nasal mucosa
Sore throat
Epistaxis (nose bleed)
Headache

low bioavailability
adrenal supression RISk

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8
Q

Antihistamines-ORAL

A

h1 block prevents histamine response; 1st line for mild-moderate allergic rhinitis; prophylactically; less effective than glucocorticoids

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9
Q

diphenhydramine
Loratadine-non-sedating
Side effects:

A

Drowsiness
Anticholinergic side effects

Relieve sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal itching. Do NOT reduce nasal congestion.

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10
Q

Antihistamines-INTRANASAL

A

very safe
suppress histamine and other mediators from mast cells; prophylactically

Cromolyn
Azelastine
Much fewer side effects than any other drug for allergic rhinitis

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11
Q

Drugs for Cough

A

antitussive; cough by irritation or stimuli in RT; productive cough should not be suppressed

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12
Q

Opioid Antitussives

A

Codeine

Hydrocodone

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13
Q

Nonopioid Antitussives

A

Dextromethorphan

Diphenhydramine

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14
Q

dextromethorphan hydrobromide- “DM”

A

High doses can cause euphoria; a common active ingredient; should not be used for patients with productive coughs.

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15
Q

Codeine (most effective)

Hydrocodone (higher abuse risk: S II)

A

elevates cough threshold to decrease frequency and intensity; can suppress respiration; reversal naloxone

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16
Q

Expectorants

A

more productive by stimulating the flow of respiratory tract secretion.
Guaifenesin

17
Q

Mucolytics

A

reacts directly with mucus to make it less viscous

Acetylcysteine
FYI: Smells like rotten eggs

18
Q

Cold Remedies - for adults

A 
antihistamines not effective; Contain 2 or more:
Nasal decongestant
Antitussive
Analgesic
Antihistamine (debatable: no benefit)
Caffeine (to offset sedation)
19
Q

Cold Remedies - for children

A

OTC not for children younger than 4-6

Presenting symptoms:
Convulsions
Tachycardia
Hallucinations
Impaired consciousness
Death

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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