Drugs for Deficiency Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

Anemia

A

Decrease in number, size, or hemoglobin content of erythrocytes (RBCs).

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2
Q

Most deficiency anemias result from:

A

Low iron-most common
Low Vitamin B12
Low Folic acid

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3
Q

Erythropoietin

A

stimulant of RBC production

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4
Q

Iron Deficiency Anemia

A

Very little iron leaves the body via feces; most iron leaves the body via blood loss (menstrual flow and blood donation, or trauma)

when RBC low iron needs low vice versa

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5
Q

Iron Deficiency Anemia

symptoms

A

Low Hemoglobin and Hematocrit (H&H)

Microcytic (small) and hypochromic (pale) RBCs
Fatigue and Pallor	
Dyspnea	
Tachycardia
Angina
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6
Q

Iron Deficiency Anemia Treatments-ORAL

A

and prevent anemia in pregnancy;

Ferrous sulfate
Carbonyl iron

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7
Q

Ferrous sulfate

A
absorb 3x more readily
cost effective
ON EMPTY stomach
oral
stains teeth, disrupts GI (green or black stools)
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8
Q

Carbonyl iron

A

Pure elemental iron = good bioavailability
oral
reduced risk of toxicity in children

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9
Q

Iron Deficiency Anemia Treatments-IV, IM

Iron dextran

A

only if oral dont work; after trauma;

could cause anaphylaxis, hypotension, skin staining

z track method; continue till hemoglobin about 15gm/dL

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10
Q

Consequences of B-12 deficiency:

A

Anemia (reverses with b12 admin)

Injury to the nervous system
tingling, numbness, reduction of the deep tendon, memory loss hallucinations psychosis

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11
Q

B-12 deficiency can cause:

A

GI disturbances
Impaired WBC production
Impaired platelet production

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12
Q

B-12 deficiency is caused by impaired absorption:

A

Celiac disease
Regional enteritis
Antibodies against B-12
Reduced stomach acid

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13
Q

Severe anemia produces peripheral and cerebral hypoxia

A

Can cause heart failure
Can cause dysrhythmias
Can cause death

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14
Q

B-12 Deficiency: Treatment

A

Cyanocobalamin

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15
Q

Cyanocobalamin

A

Drug of choice for B-12 deficiency
Routes: Oral, sublingual, intranasal, IM, or subQ

hypokalemia or injection site redness; lifelong therapy

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16
Q

Folic Acid Deficiency

A
Poor diet (especially in ETOH)
Malabsorption secondary to intestinal disease

does not injury nervous system

17
Q

folic acid deficiency in early pregnancy can cause neural tube defects

A

Spina Bifida

Anencephaly

18
Q

Folic Acid Deficiency: Treatment

A
Folic Acid (inactive form)
fortified foods and supplements; can reverse hematologic but not neurologic deficits 

short term; determine cause and determine Tx