Public Heatlh, Surveillance Flashcards
Aim of public health as per WHO
“Public health aims to provide the maximum benefit for the largest number of people.”
Remarks on death certificate
Shall be forwarded to the local civil registrar within 48 hours after death
Underlying cause is most important
Types of census
Defacto census:
-physical presence is imporant regardless of where they usually live
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-dephysical
Dejure census
-assign individuals in their usual residence regardless of where they were during the census
Population of the Philippines
2015: 100,980,000
2021: 110,800,000
Top 7 causes of death
- Ischemic heart dse
- Neoplasm
- Cerebrovascular dse
- DM
- Pneumonia
- Hypertensive diseases
- COVID-19
^2020 preliminary
*in 2019, pneumonia is 4th, DM is 5th
TOP 5 causes of morbidity
- Acute respiratory infection
- Hypertension
- ALRTI & pneumonia
- UTI
- Influenza
SMART objectives
Specific Measurable Attainable Relevant Time-based
COPAR
Community Organizing Participatory Action Research
-nurtures the ability of the society to organize themselves and to emphasize people involvement in the resolution of issues and concerns in the community
Phases of COPAR
- Pre-entry phse (selection)
- Entry phase (conceptualiation, potential leaders)
- Formation phase (core group)
- Organization-building phase (MOST CRUCIAL STAGE; people mobilization)
- Sustenance and strengthening phase (MOST IMPORTANT PHASE; self-reliant)
Determinants of an increase in cases of a disease
- Current disease level exceeds the 95th percentile for 2 weeks
- More than 2x the incidence rate over the specified period
- Dr. Ricardo’s index: comparison of the indices of the disease with incidence for the last 5 years by using median
Types of epidermic patterns
Common source outbreak
Point epidemic
Prolonged-Progressive
Remarks on commmon source outbreak
E.g. contaminated water supply
Exposoure continue over a longer period
Remarks on point epidemic
Exposure is brief (single exposure)
No person to person spread
Remarks on prolonged-progressive
Transfer of pathogenic agent from one host to another
Long ascending limb
Short descenidng limb
Attack rate
Overall AR = incidence
=(`newcases/total population)x100
