Transcription (Module 7)

Question 1

Transcription is

Answer 1

Copying DNA’s message into RNA’s language to make a protein

Question 2

What are the steps of transcription?

Answer 2

Identify the right part of the DNA, In INITIATION DNA opens up, in ELONGATION enzymes build the mRNA strand, and in TERMINATION the DNA molecule releases the newly synthesized mRNA

Question 3

What is a phenotype?

Answer 3

physical characteristics of an individual

Question 4

Genotype

Answer 4

genetic makeup of an individual, the alles possessed at a given locus

Question 5

What are the three chemical components of RNA

Answer 5

Ribose sugar, four nucleotide basis (A,G,C,U), Phosphate

Question 6

How is RNA different from DNA

Answer 6

RNA is unstable, decomposes rapidly, contains Uracil instead of thymine, single stranded

Question 7

Why is 3’ OH tail necessary?

Answer 7

it is required for phosphodiester bond between nucleotides in ribose and deoxyribose

Question 8

Which carbon in DNA is missing an oxygen compared to RNA?

Answer 8

Deoxyribose 2’oxygen, this extends the longevity of DNA because without it will be less likely to get involved in chemical reactions

Question 9

What are the four types of nitrogen bases in RNA and are the purines and pyrimidines?

Answer 9

Purines are Adenine and Guanine and Pyrimidines are cytosine and uracil

Question 10

What DNA-RNA bases are complimentary?

Answer 10

Purines go with Pyrimidines. therefore: G & C and A & U

Question 11

What are the 3 types of RNA and there functions

Answer 11

mRNA actions of genes, tRNA carries amino acids during translation, rRNA puts amino acids together in chains

Question 12

Only the messages of _____ are transcribed into mRNA

Answer 12

genes

Question 13

What is the difference between purine and pyrimidine?

Answer 13

Purine has 2 rings, and pyrimidine has single six sided ring structure

Question 14

How many genes are contained in the human genome?

Answer 14

22,000

Question 15

How much of your DNA gets transcribed into mRNA

Answer 15

1%

Question 16

How long is the average gene in base pairs?

Answer 16

3000

Question 17

What are the three components of a transcription unit

Answer 17

gene, promoter, terminator

Question 18

What is the function of the promoter

Answer 18

to establish where transcription starts in DNA (TATA)

Question 19

Polymerase

Answer 19

Synthesizes polymers, there are polymerase I,II,and III.

Question 20

Which polymerase is responsible for synthesizing most mRNA molecules?

Answer 20

Polymerase II

Question 21

Interneurons

Answer 21

noncoding sequence, fall between the parts of the genetic code for phenotype

Question 22

Exons

Answer 22

Coding sequence expressed nature

Question 23

What happens during post transcription

Answer 23

5’ cap is added, longtail and adenine is added

Question 24

What is alternative splicing?

Answer 24

the splicing of introns and exons, makes it possible for one gene to be expressed in different ways